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Distilling and Purification Plants

Distilling and Purification Plants. “Water, water everywhere…”. Objectives. Comprehend the theory and operation of distilling plants including energy transformations that take place Comprehend the different types of distilling plants

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Distilling and Purification Plants

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  1. Distilling and Purification Plants “Water, water everywhere…”

  2. Objectives • Comprehend the theory and operation of distilling plants including energy transformations that take place • Comprehend the different types of distilling plants • Comprehend the concepts of salinity monitoring and water conservation

  3. “Water, water everywhere… nor any drop to drink.” - Samuel Taylor Coleridge The Ancient Mariner “Wake up Aquaman!” - EM2(SS) Barrow USS Louisville (SSN 724)

  4. Fresh Water Uses • STEAM PLANT!!! • Electronics Cooling • Hotel Services • Cooking/Drinking • Laundry • (Showers) • Freshwater Washdown

  5. DEFINITIONS • Distillation • Process of boiling SW and then cooling and condensing the resulting vapor to produce good water • Evaporation • First step in the distillation process. It is the process of boiling SW to separate it into fresh water vapor and brine

  6. DEFINITIONS (cont.) • Brine • Water in which the concentration of salt is greater than that of normal SW • Vapor • Water in the gaseous state • Condensation • Conversion of vapor into usable fresh water by cooling

  7. DEFINITIONS (cont.) • Distillate • The product of condensation (I.e. the fresh water) • Salinity • The concentration of salt in water (in ppm) • Feed • SW used as the raw material in the distilling process

  8. Important Concepts • Distillation: seawater freshwater • Evaporation • Condensation • Feed (seawater @ 35,000 ppm Cl-) • Distillate (<0.1 ppm Cl-) • Brine (>35,000 ppm Cl-) • Salinity (salt concentration in H20)

  9. Distillation Process

  10. Distilling Plant Types • Flash-Type • Vertical Basket • Vapor-Compression • Reverse-Osmosis

  11. Flash Type • Most combatants • High capacity (12,000 –50,000 GPD) • Distillate (<.065 ppm) • 150# Auxiliary Steam • Vacuum operation • More efficient • (-) soluble salts

  12. Flash Type

  13. Vertical Basket • Submarines • Similar to Flash type • Med. capacity (8,000 - 10,000 GPD) • Low Pressure (Auxiliary) Steam

  14. Vertical Basket

  15. Vapor-Compression • Ships without STEAM propulsion • Diesels and submarines (as backup) • Low capacity (4000 GPD) • Compresses generated steam using electricity

  16. Vapor-Compression

  17. Reverse-Osmosis • Distillate is <50 ppm • good enough to drink • but not for engineering plant feedwater • H2O migrates through semi-permeable membrane (salt is blocked) • High pressure req’s (400+ psia) • Multi-stage units preferred

  18. Reverse-Osmosis

  19. Salinity Monitoring • Salinity cells • Strategic placement throughout plant • Continuous remote monitoring of fresh water • Auto flow shutoff using solenoid valves

  20. Water Conservation • Limited resource • Standard “Navy shower” • Water hours

  21. Questions?

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