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What is DNA?

What is DNA?. DNA is the acronym for Deoxyribonucleic acid A DNA molecule has the following structure: A phosphate group (Green) A 5 Carbon (Pentose) sugar group (Blue) A Nitrogen containing group (Pink) This nitrogen group is variable It may take the form of A, T, C or G. What is DNA?.

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What is DNA?

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  1. What is DNA? • DNA is the acronym for Deoxyribonucleic acid • A DNA molecule has the following structure: • A phosphate group (Green) • A 5 Carbon (Pentose) sugar group (Blue) • A Nitrogen containing group (Pink) • This nitrogen group is variable • It may take the form of A, T, C or G

  2. What is DNA? • Many DNA molecules bonded to each other gives a DNA strand • The bases A and T are complementary, meaning, they associate with each other forming hydrogen bonds • Similarly, C and G are complementary • This is how the typical double helix structure is obtained from 2 DNA strands

  3. What is Chromatin? • When a human cell is not undergoing cell division (resting state), the DNA exists as 46 double helixes • These double helixes are wrapped around proteins known as histonesto form nucleosomes • When the nucleosomes are compacted together, chromatin is obtained

  4. What are Chromosomes? • When cell division is about to happen, cells first double their DNA content • The chromatin threads (3) are duplicated (4) • Then the chromatin threads condense and coils to form chromosomes (5) • The sister chromatids are duplicates of each other, joined together at the centromere (red spot)

  5. Chromosomes in a dividing and non-dividing cell Cell about to divide (Doubled DNA content, where each chromosome has 2 sister chromatids connected at the centromere) Cell at resting stage (Each chromosome exists alone without sister chromatid and centromere)

  6. SUMMARY for chromosomes in a cell about to divide

  7. What are Genes? • Genes are segments of DNA that code for a particular protein • For example, on chromosome number 1, there is a segment of DNA where the information to make salivary amylase is found • One chromosome can have multiple genes coding for different proteins

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