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WOOD 120 Pulp and Paper

WOOD 120 Pulp and Paper. Paper products. Raw material. Chemical pulp mill. http://w3.upm-kymmene.com/upm/internet/cms/upmmma.nsf/lupGraphics/Botnia_Fray%20Bentos%20mill_1.jpg/$file/Botnia_Fray%20Bentos%20mill_1.jpg. Chemical pulp mill.

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WOOD 120 Pulp and Paper

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  1. WOOD 120Pulp and Paper

  2. Paper products Raw material

  3. Chemical pulp mill http://w3.upm-kymmene.com/upm/internet/cms/upmmma.nsf/lupGraphics/Botnia_Fray%20Bentos%20mill_1.jpg/$file/Botnia_Fray%20Bentos%20mill_1.jpg

  4. Chemical pulp mill http://www.metsopaper.com/paper/MPwGeneral.nsf/WebWID/WTB-061228-2256F-E7612/$File/Total_scope_with_large_text.jpg

  5. Composition of Paper Surface Section through paper sheet

  6. Lignin “glues” wood cells together

  7. fibers or fiber bundles wood

  8. Pulping Mechanical • Uses heat and mechanical energy • Higher yield • Lower quality Chemical • Uses heat and chemical energy • Lower yield • Higher quality

  9. World Production (2002)(x106 metric tonnes) • Recovered paper 140.7 • Mechanical pulp 34.7 • Semi-chemical pulp 8.4 • Full chemical pulp 121.8 Kraft 116.5 Sulphite 5.3 • Dissolving pulp 2.8 • Non-wood fiber pulp 19.8

  10. Raw material – wood supply Logs Chips http://www.partonlumber.com/images/000_0334.jpg www.panoramio.com/photos/original/3042908.jpg http://www.unitedeagle.cn/upimages/20083311435587662.jpg

  11. Pulp and Paper – overview of production stages http://www.energysolutionscenter.org/gasirpaper/Images/PaperManfLine.jpg

  12. Pulping http://www.energysolutionscenter.org/gasirpaper/Images/PaperManfLine.jpg

  13. Pulp treatment http://www.energysolutionscenter.org/gasirpaper/Images/PaperManfLine.jpg

  14. Papermaking http://www.energysolutionscenter.org/gasirpaper/Images/PaperManfLine.jpg

  15. Mechanical pulping fibers or fiber bundles wood

  16. Mechanical Pulping Stone ground wood Refiner pulps

  17. Debarking Drum debarkers

  18. Stone Ground Wood bolts of wood hydraulic pistons grinding stone pulp slurry http://chempatec-auhorn.com/images/pressurizedmechanicalpulpproduction001_480.jpg

  19. Stone Ground Wood

  20. Stone Ground Wood • Raw material – short logs (bolts) • High yield • Low quality fibers or fiber bundles • High energy input • Pulp suitable for tissues

  21. Refiner pulping http://www.tut.fi/optics/aoresearch/dlstrobo/

  22. Pretreatment of chips

  23. Disc refiner detail

  24. Refiner pulping http://www.globalequip.com/photos/bg_901371.001_2.jpg http://www.triple-r.co.nz/pop/pop_pulp09.html

  25. Multiple refiners in parallel http://www.metsopaper.com/paper/MPwFiber.nsf/WebWID/WTB-041123-2256F-3E65B/$File/TMP_blue222.jpg

  26. Refiner pulping • Raw material – chips • Lower yield than SGW • Medium quality fibers or fiber bundles • High energy input • Pulp suitable for newsprint

  27. The “Alphabet Pulps” • RMP refiner mechanical pulp • TMP thermo mechanical pulp • CTMP chemi thermo mechancial pulp • SGW stone ground wood • PGW pressurized ground wood • NSSC neutral sulfite semi chemical

  28. Chemical pulping individual fibers wood

  29. Chemical Pulping Sulfate process (Kraft) Sulfite process

  30. Kraft process Delignifies wood by fragmenting lignin into smaller units adding chemical groups to increase the lignin’s solubility Tolerates wide range of species High strength pulp

  31. Kraft digester - continuous http://us.magnetrol.com/Images/Applications/PulpDigester.jpg http://www.outokumpu.com/35127.epibrw

  32. Kraft pulping – continuous digester • Chips and pulping chemicals • Steam • Blow valve • Gases • Pulp

  33. Kraft liquor recovery cycle Wood Pulping Pulp White liquor Bleaching Washing Evaporation Cauticising Bailing & Shipping Black liquor Green liquor Burning

  34. Pulp treatment Bleaching / Brightening Beating (refining)

  35. http://www.chmltech.com/pulppaper_files/pulp%20bleaching.jpg

  36. Paper products Raw material

  37. Bleaching vs. Brightening Bleaching • Continuation of pulping process • Removal of residual lignin • More permanent • Applied to chemical pulps Brightening • Distinct from pulping process • Impact chromophoric structures in lignin • More temporary • Applied to mechanical pulps

  38. Bleaching/brightening chemicals • C chlorine Cl2 • D chlorine dioxide ClO2 • O oxygen O2 • Z ozone O3 • P peroxide H2O2 • E alkaline extraction NaOH

  39. Bleaching/brightening sequences • Classic e.g., C E D E D • Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF) e.g., D E D E D • Totally Chlorine Free (TCF) e.g., O Z E P

  40. Bleaching Towers http://www.andritz.com/cir-pic-pk-ar-2002.jpg

  41. Pulp Beating • Flattens fibers to produce larger surface area – increases hydrogen bonding between fibers • Unravels fibers to some degree • Optimum beating time to achieve best paper properties

  42. Pulp Beating Jordan refiner

  43. Pulp Beating After beating Before beating Internal and external defibrillation take place

  44. Papermaking Foudrinier machine - thinner paper sheet - faster production speed Cylinder machine - thicker paper sheet - slower production speed

  45. Papermaking • Foudrinier machine - thinner paper sheet - faster production speed

  46. Foudrinier papermaking machine http://www.risiinfo.com/images/magazine/pp_mag/1102papermaking21A.jpg

  47. Foudrinier - schematic http://www.astenjohnson.com/images/images_paper-machine.jpg

  48. Blending of pulp stocks http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/767/108027.JPG

  49. Foudrinier papermaking machine

  50. Foudrinier – wet-end

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