INTERNATIONAL CULTURES OF COMMUNICATIONS

1. INTERNATIONAL CULTURES OF COMMUNICATIONS Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

2. COMMUNICATIONANDCULTURE The Voice and Echo Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

3. Why are you often uncomfortable when confronted with people who are different from yourself? Why do people from different cultures behave in ways that seem strange to you? How do cultural differences influence communication? Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

4. «Everyone is quick to blame the alien» Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

5. Intercultural Contact • International and • Domestic Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

6. International Contact • New technology and information systems • Changes in the world’s population • Rapid movement toward a global economy Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

7. New technology and information systems New and advanced information systems continue to encourage and facilitate cultural interaction. RAND points out, «Technology’s promise is here today and will march forward. It will have widespread effects across the globe.» Communication satellites, sophisticated television transmission equipment, and fiber-optic or wireless connection systems permit people throughout the world to share information and ideas. The growth in wireless telephone systems, for example, is expanding rapidly. The impact of the Internet on communication exchanges is phenomenal. You can now, with the simple click of a mouse, talk to anyone almost anywhere in the world. Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

8. 2. Changes in the world’s population The world’s population increases at a rate of approximately 200,000 people a day. This increase in movement of the world’s population has produced numerous problems that make competent international contact more important than ever before. Some of the problems are: • Natural Resources (Oil, water, food) • The Environment (growing populations and expanding economic activity have strained the planet’s ecosystems over the past half century) • International Conflict Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

9. 3. Rapid movement toward a global economy «Organizations are finding themselves involved in communication across cultures, between cultures, among cultures- because they are sourcing from another country, seeking financing from another country, or have an increasingly multicultural workforce». The world economy is ‘borderless’ and markets are becoming essentially one. Corporations are looking at the free flow of goods and services, capital and human resources as well as information as the pathway to growth. Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

10. Domestic Contact An example: Recognition that the U.S. population comes in different colors and from diverse cultural backgrounds has had a profound effect on national identity. From all over the world, people from a large variety of cultures are now calling the U.S. their home. The members of these groups, like the members of the dominant culture, share perceptions, values, modes of communication , and lifestyles that make them unique. Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

11. 1.Intercultural Communication Intercultural communication occurs when a member of one culture produces a message for consumption by a member of another culture. Interaction between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event. Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

12. CULTURE Dominant Culture Co-Culture(when discussing groups or social communities exhibiting communication characteristics, perception, values, beliefs, and practies that are sufficently different to distinguish them from the other groups, communities, and the dominant culture) Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

13. CULTURE Some co-cultures share many of the patterns and perceptions found within the larger, dominant culture, but they also have distinct and unique patterns of communication that they have learned as part of their membership in the co-culture. Co-cultural affiliations can be based on race,ethnic background, gender,age, sexual preference, and so forth. Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

14. ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN COMMUNICATION “Communication is powerful: it brings companions to our side or scatters our rivals, reassures or alerts children, and forges consensus or battle lines between us.” That means Communication –your ability to share your beliefs, values, ideas, and feelings- is the basis of all human contact. Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

15. THE RESULTS AND THE METHODS: METHODS MIGHT BE DIFFERENT, BUT THE PROCESS IS THE SAME. Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

16. Definition: It is impossible to find single definition of human communication. Human communication is the process through which symbols are transmitted for the purpose of eliciting a response. Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

17. PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION • Communication is a dynamic process • Communication is symbolic • Communication is systemic; location, occasion, time, number of people • Communication involves making inferences • Communication has a consequence Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

18. Culture Culture is communication and communication is culture. When looking at communication and culture, it is hard to decide which is the voice and which is the echo. Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

19. Culture The influence of culture on perception, behavior, and communication can seen in following questions: • Some people in the Philippines and China put dogs in their ovens , but people in the U.S. put them on their couches and beds. Why? • Some people speak Tagalog; others speak English. Why? • Some people paint and decorate their entire bodies, but others spend millions of dolars painting and decorating only their faces. Why? Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

20. Culture The general answer to all of these questions is the same: a major reason people learn to think,feel,believe and act as a they do is the messages that have been communicated to them- messages that bear the stamp of the culture. In short , when cultures differ, communication practices also differ. Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

21. The Basic Functions Of Culture Culture makes all thing easy. It makes things easy because culture shields people fromthe unknown by offering them a blueprint for all of life’s activities. Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

22. The Basic Functions Of Culture Anthropologists now suggest that in additionto making the world a less perplexing place, cultures have now evolved to the point where they are people’s primary means of satisfying three types of needs: • Basic needs ( food,shelter,physical protection), • Derived need ( organization of work, distribution of food, defense, social control) • Integrative needs ( psychological security, social harmony, purpose in life). Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

23. The Elements of Culture What elements mark a collection of people as culture? • History • Religion • Values • Social organization • Language Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

24. Defining Culture Culture is a set of human-made and subjective elements that in the past have increased the probability of survival and resulted in satisfaction for the participants in an ecological niche, and thus became shared among those who could communicate with each other because they ha a common language and they lived in the same time and place. Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

25. Characteristics of Culture 1- Culture is Learned Learning Culture Through Proverbs ( etc. A man’s home is his castle) Learning Culture Through Folktales,Legends and Myths. Learning Culture Through Art Learning Culture Through Mass Media Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

26. 2- Culture is shared Culture is the common denominator that makes the actions of individuals intelligable to the other members of society. Characteristics of Culture Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

27. Culture is Transmitted from Generation to Generation Culture is based on symbols Culture is dynamic Culture is an integrated system Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

28. Studying Intercultural Communicaton Learning how to become succesful in your future intercultural interactions is a necessary and worthwhile pursuit Culture plays a significant role in how people perceive reality and communicated that reality Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

29. 1- Individual uniqueness Values and behaviors of a particular culture may not be the values and behaviors of all the individuals within that culture 2- Stereotyping 3- Objectivity Studying Intercultural Communicaton Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

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31. PRELIMINARIES TOHUMAN COMMUNICATION Nature, Components and Purposes Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

32. GOALS After Completing this unit, you should able to; Identify the major areas of human communication Define communication and the following components: communication context, sources-receivers, encoding Competence Messages Channel Feedback Noise communication effect and ethics Diagram the model of the universal of communication presented in this unit and label its partsIdentify and explain the five purposes of communication Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

33. Of all the knowledge and skills you have, those concerning communication are among the most important and useful. Through intrapersonal communication; you talk with yourself Learn about yourself Evalute yourself Persuade yourself of this or that ,reason about possible decisions to make and rehearse the messages that you intend to send to others Through interpersonal communication; You interact with others Learn about them and yourself Reveal yourself to others, Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

34. Whether with new acquaintances,old friends,lovers or family members, it is through interpersonal communication that you establish maintain,sometimes destroy and sometimes repair ,your personal relationships. Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

35. Through small group and organizational communication; You interact with others Develop new ideas and share your knowledge and experiences Your work and social lives are lived largely in groups. Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

36. Through public communication - Others inform, and persuade you, and you in turn inform and persuade others-to do,to buy ot to think in a particular way, or to change an attitude, opinion or value Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

37. Through intercultural communication: You learn about other cultures and about living with different customs,roles and rules. Perhaps most important, you come to understand new ways of thinking and new ways of behaving. İntercultural cooperation begins with mutual Understanding Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

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41. Through mass communication You’re entertained ,informed and persuaded by the media-movies,television,radio,newspapers and books Likewise through your viewing and reading habits and buying patterns,you in turn influence the media in form and content. Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

42. What is communication ?? Definition: Communication refers to the act,by one or more persons of sending and receiving messages that are distorted by noise, occur within a context, have some effect and provide some opportunity for feedback. Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

43. Communication Context Has at least three dimensions : Physical Socialpsychological Temporal Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

44. Physical Context That is the tangible or concrete environment Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

45. Social –Psychological Dimension of context For example : The status relationships among the participants, the roles and the games that people play and cultural rules of society in which they are communicating. It also includes the friendliness or unfriendliness, formality or informality and seriousness or humorousness of situation. Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

46. The Temporal Dimension of Context Includes the time of day as well as time in history in which the communication act takes place. For many people the morning is not time for communication: for others the morning is ideal.Time in history is no less important because the approprianteness and impact of messages depend Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

47. Even more important is how particular message fits into the temporal sequence of communication events.For Example:conside the varried meanings of ‘simple’ compliment you pay a friend , depending on whether you say it immediately after your friend pays ypu a compliment, immediately before you ask your friend for a favor or during an argument. Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

48. The communication process is never static…! Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

49. Sources- Receivers We use the hyphenated term sources receivers To emphasize that each person involved in communication is both a source and a receiver. Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan

50. You send messages when you speak, write,gesture or smile You receive messages in listening,reading, smelling and so on Sources- Receivers You are receiving your own messages,you hear yourself feel own movements and see many of your own gestures. And you are receiving the messagesof the other person-visualy, auditorily or even through touch or smell.. Yrd. Doç. Dr.İbrahim İnan