Eating Disorders

1. Eating Disorders By: Tonia Foyt, Becca Sage, Sommer Raines, Jessica Perkins, Lara Hicks, Chad Griffith, Megan Watson, and Samantha Campbell

2. Statistics The average model weighs 23% less than the average women. Maintaining a weight that is 15% below expected body weight is considered anorexia. 4/5 American women are dissatisfied with their appearance. � of American women are on a diet on any given day. � men are on a diet on any given day.

3. Definitions Normal eater- someone who eats when hungry and stops when full Occasional eater- goes on diets for special occasions (spring break or summer break) Non-Compensatory Bulimics- (compulsive overeaters) binge routinely but do not purge

4. Definitions Chronic Dieters � always dieting, watching what they eat, always conscious of how many calories and fat grams they consume Bulimic Dieters- diet often, however will break diet by binging and then compensates by purging usually in the form of exercise.

5. Definitions Situational Purgers- purges during emotional or stressful times Bulimics- routinely binge and purge Anorexics � severely restricts food

6. Anorexia Nervosa Defining features: An intense and irrational fear of body fat and weight gain A strong determination to become thinner and thinner A misperception of body weight and shape to the extent that the person may feel or see �fat� even when wasting away is clear to others

7. Clinical Definitions of Anorexia Nervosa Refusal to maintain weight at or above a minimally normal weight for age and weight Intense fear of gaining weight of becoming fat even though underweight Disturbance in the way in which one�s body shape is experienced, undue influence of body weight or shape on one�s self evaluation or denial of the seriousness of the current low body weight In postmenarcheal females, amenorrhea

8. Anorexia Physical/Psychological Characteristics Pale and/or extremely dry skin Thin and dull hair Brittle fingernails and toenails Hands and feet may have a bluish color Lanugo (fine, downy) hair on body Menstrual irregularities and ammennorrhea Reduced Body Temperature

9. Bulimia Nervosa This disorder is characterized by self defeating and self perpetuating cycles of binge eating and purging. A binge is to consume a large amount of food in a rapid, automatic, and helpless fashion. A purge is inducing vomiting and resorting to some combination of restrictive dieting, excessive exercising, laxatives, and diuretics. Bulimics have a distorted body image and an intense fear of fat, and the conviction that a slender body shape is absolutely crucial for self acceptance.

10. Bulimia Physical/Psychological Characteristics and Risks Calluses on back of the hand from self induced vomiting Red irritated mouth Eroded tooth enamel and cavities Irregular menses or amenorrhea Electrolyte imbalance General muscle weakness

11. Bingeing Also known as compulsive overeating, is very similar to bulimia nervosa, but without the purging. Characterized by excessive consumption of food when not feeling hungry. Described as a loss of control over their eating during a binge, followed by feelings of guilt, shame, disgust, and depressed moods.

12. Clinical Definitions of Bingeing Eating in a discrete period of time, an amount of food larger than most people would eat during a similar period of time and under similar circumstances. A sense of lack of control over eating during the episode

13. Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior in order to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, enemas, fasting or excessive exercise Occur on the average at least twice a week for three months Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight

14. Who�s at risk? Women As young as 7 or 8 years old 1 out of 4 college women They feel inadequate and guilty when they are not satisfied with their goals and standards. They have a misconception of the difference between health and thinness.

15. Who�s at risk? Athletes Societal pressure Performance pressure- ie. contracts and scholarships Academic pressure Time demands

16. Who�s at risk? Men Small percentage Related to profession Model Professional Athlete

17. Theories Many factors lay below the surface that contribute to the visible eating disorder. Eating disorders are a way to cope with these factors. There are two theories for why people acquire eating disorders.

18. Theories Family Dynamics Family interaction: codependency, over protectiveness, rigid, conflict avoidance, and poor conflict Also: eating disorders develop as the individual tries to control their body to gain an individual identity separate from their parents Satisfy needs that are not otherwise met, soothe the pain of past abusive or neglectful experiences

19. Theories Stress/Coping Skills/Problem Solving Ability Stress appears to increase eating among women Bulimics repot high levels of stress Suggested that eating disorders are caused by maladaptive coping styles Appear to have poor problem solving skills and conflict resolution skills

20. Treatments Individual therapy- one on one with a therapist, psychologist, psychiatrists, social worker Group therapy- meeting with others who have eating disorders and facilitated by professional therapist Family therapy- whole family goes in o therapy to discuss their everyday interactions, problems, their contribution to the eating disorder, and family network

21. Treatments Nutritional therapy- one on one with a dietician or nutritionist to discuss food requirements, and how food plays a part in eating disorders. Relaxation therapy- helps patient to learn how to deal with stress and how to relax without using the eating disorder. Exercise education and monitoring- helping patient find the correct amount of exercise to maintain a proper weight and monitor exercise to see if the are exercising properly.

22. Treatments Outpatient- patient does to different therapies for regular visits but continues to lice at their own home and continues for the most part with normal life. Day Hospital- patient spends part of the day or entire day in a hospital setting, going to different sessions with therapists, dieticians, however still lives at home Inpatient- patient lives at a treatment facility for a period of time varying with the treatment the go into. Can be in a treatment center or a local hospital.