Imperialism

1. Imperialism • Essential Questions: • How did people in Africa and Asia respond to western imperialism? • How did imperialism create a western-dominated world economy?

2. EuropeanNationalism Source for Raw Materials MissionaryActivity Industrial Revolution European Motives For Colonization Markets forFinishedGoods Military& NavalBases SocialDarwinism EuropeanRacism Places toDumpUnwanted/Excess Popul. HumanitarianReasons Soc. & Eco.Opportunities “WhiteMan’sBurden”

3. The New Imperialism • Causes of Imperialism in the late 1800’s: • Strengths: • Social Darwinism • Economic prosperity • Self-organized governments • Competition between countries • Spheres of influence: • Economic control of nations

4. More causes… • Industrialization • Necessity of finding cheaper raw materials for manufacturing in Western factories.

5. 1000 different languages; 1000+ different tribes

6. The Partition of Africa • Africa is used as an imperial continent • It is divided among several European Countries: • Britain • France • Belgium • Germany • Italy

9. Britain in Africa • Main motive: protect their trading centers from the French and Germans

10. British in Africa • Control of Egypt • Conquered in 1882 • Egypt becomes a “puppet state” of Great Britain • Wanted to protect trade by way of the Suez Canal

12. British in Southern Africa • British traded with the Dutch Afrikaners in S. Africa • Discovered gold in Witwatersrand… • British want the land; Dutch refused to give it.

13. South African (Boer) War • 1899-1902 • Just not enough Boers • British easily win • In the end, Britain gets gold, diamonds, furs and trade routes

14. Diamond Mines Raw Diamonds

15. Effects on Natives • Britain’s win makes Dutch move inland • Great Trek • Pushes into Natives • Zulus in particular are affected

16. Zulus • Led by Shaka Zulu • Unites S. African tribes • iklwa • Fight against the Boers and British • Lost some 80,000 zulus • Protected the Zulu culture and some land

17. Berlin Conference of 1884 • Decided that Africa should be “civilized” • Africa is divided by the participating countries and ruled • Members: • France, Germany, Belgium and Britain • By 1902, 90% of Africa is owned by Europeans

18. French in Africa • Conquer and convert • Military occupation along shore • Missionaries inland • Trade for Slaves and gold

19. France in Africa • West to East Colonizing Strategy

20. French Speaking Countries Today

21. Germany in Africa • Togo, Cameroon, German Southwest Africa, German East Africa • Jumped in late and took what they could. • (Realpolitik) • German goods: Sisal, cotton, coffee, rubber.

24. Belgium • King Leopold II conquers the Belgian Congo • Puts harsh racist restrictions on the natives called Apartheids

25. Worked natives extensively for raw materials • Vegetable oil • Rubber • Clothing • Bananas/foods • Medicines • Ivory • Around 10 million killed

26. Victims It is blood-curdling to see them (the soldiers) returning with the hands of the slain, and to find the hands of young children amongst the bigger ones evidencing their bravery...The rubber from this district has cost hundreds of lives, and the scenes I have witnessed, while unable to help the oppressed, have been almost enough to make me wish I were dead... This rubber traffic is steeped in blood, and if the natives were to rise and sweep every white person on the Upper Congo into eternity, there would still be left a fearful balance to their credit. -- Belgian Official

27. Eventual Independence

28. Russia vs. British • Vied for control of Afghanistan and Persia • Russia searching for a “warm water port” • British want a buffer • Support free Iranian state

29. The British take over India • What do the British see in India? • British East India Trading Company had conquered India, Bangladesh and Pakistan • Still Allow the Mogul Empire to exist under guidance of EIC.

31. Trade • British take advantage of Indian Culture (remember social structure and Hinduism) • Indians produce cotton, tobacco, opium, and precious metals that are exported to Britain

33. Cultural integration • Idea: Make India like Britain • Outlawed many Indian and Hindu customs • Ex. Sati

34. Simla Karachi, 1896

35. Victoria Station, Bombay

36. The British in India • British built railroad network to transport goods (using Indian Labor)

37. The Sepoy • Indian soldiers that fought for the British • British used them to gain control over all of India • Fought against other Indians and in WWI

39. Life for the British in India

40. Sepoy Revolt (1857) • Sepoys revolt against the British • Story goes… • Also, reports of Racial Bias • Sepoys quickly gain society support and territory

41. Area of Revolt • Of 140,000 Sepoys, less than 8,000 were loyal to British • Delhi becomes a disaster • By 1858, British troops arrive and squelch revolt

42. Results • British retaliation • Institute “The Devil’s Wind” • Direct British Crown Rule • Queen Victoria “Empress of India”

43. Execution of Sepoys

44. The Raj (king) • British Crown rules from 1857 until 1947 • Viceroys • Economics: • High taxation • Cultural repercussions • “Divide and rule”

46. Cambodia and Phnom Pehn • Siam and Vietnam fight for control in early 1800’s. • Cambodia becomes a suzerainty protectorate of France. • Lasts from 1863-1957 • King Norodom seen as savior of Cambodia

48. China and the Opium Wars • China had practiced Isolationism • When they did open up, they enjoyed a trade surplus, while Europe suffered a trade deficit • British start trading opium to the Chinese for tea • China becomes addicted to opium; start running a deficit to pay for the drug