CHAPTER 17 – THE TIDE OF WAR TURNS

1. Section 1 – The Emancipation Proclamation CHAPTER 17 – THE TIDE OF WAR TURNS Today’s Essential Question: How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the war?

2. Vocabulary • emancipation – the act of freeing someone • proclamation – an announcement • recognize – to identify or acknowledge formally

3. Check for Understanding • What are we going to do today? • Do teachers always recognize your right to freedom of speech? • What is an emancipated minor?

4. What We Already Know Although he did not believe in racial equality, Lincoln believed slavery was morally wrong. Read aloud with me!

5. What We Already Know In a battle fought near Antietam Creek in Maryland, Union forces had finally won a slim victory against Confederate general Robert E. Lee. Read aloud with me!

6. What We Already Know Britain was considering giving aid to the Confed-eracy, even though Britain was opposed to slavery. Read aloud with me!

7. Calls for Emancipation • Abolitionists criticized President Lincoln because he had not ended slavery. • Some even said his lack of action helped the Confederacy. William Lloyd Garrison

8. Calls for Emancipation • Lincoln did not emancipate slaves when the war began because his first priority was to preserve the Union. • Also, he wasn’t certain that he had the power to free them.

9. Calls for Emancipation • He also did not want to anger pro-Union groups in the South and the border states. • He knew many white Northerners opposed emancipation. • Lincoln wanted to bring the Union back together, not have the issue of slavery divide the nation even further.

10. Calls for Emancipation • But Lincoln finally settled on three reasons for issuing a proclamation of emancipation. • First, abolitionists like Frederick Douglass convinced Lincoln that making abolition a goal of the war would cause tens of thousands of free blacks to enlist in the Union army.

11. Calls for Emancipation • He also knew that if emancipation became a war aim, it would change the war from a disagreement over the nature of the Union to a war over slavery. • This would make it more difficult for Britain to recognize the Confederacy as an official country.

12. Calls for Emancipation • Lincoln realized how important slave labor was to the South. • Without it, the South would grow weak and be easier to defeat. • By the summer of 1862, the president had decided in favor of emancipating enslaved African Americans.

13. Calls for Emancipation • But the Confederacy had won most major battles so far, and Lincoln needed a victory before issuing the proclamation. • Otherwise, it could be seen as a desperate act by a country losing its war.

14. Calls for Emancipation McClellan’s victory over Lee at Antietam gave Lincoln the opportunity to act.

15. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

16. 1. Why did Lincoln hesitate to free the slaves when the war began, but then decide in favor of emancipation? Choose the statement that is NOT true!

17. 1. Why did Lincoln hesitate to free the slaves when the war began, but then decide in favor of emancipation? • He did not believe he had the power under the Constitution to abolish slavery where it already existed. • He did not want to anger the four slave states that remained in the Union. • He knew that most Northern Democrats, and many Republicans, opposed emancipation. • He was concerned about the effects of emancipation on the national economy. Choose the statement that is NOT true!

18. Why did Lincoln decide in favor of emancipation?

19. Why did Lincoln decide in favor of emancipation? • He used it as a political tactic to split the Northern Democratic Party. • He knew that without slave labor, the South would grow weak and be easier to defeat. • He knew that emancipation would irritate and annoy Southerners. • Grant's victory at New Orleans had stirred the nation and made the people more supportive of emancipation.

20. 2. What battlefield victory gave Lincoln the opportunity to issue the Emancipation Proclamation? • Chancellorsville • Second Bull run • Antietam • Gettysburg

21. The Emancipation Proclamation • As of January 1, 1863, Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation would free all the slaves in Confederate states still in rebellion against the United States. • Lincoln argued that ending slavery would weaken the Confederacy. As Commander-in-Chief, he was allowed to take such action. • Lincoln did not have the power to end slavery in the North, but he did ask Congress to gradually abolish slavery everywhere.

22. The Emancipation Proclamation • Since the proclamation only applied to slaves in the Confederacy, where Lincoln couldn’t enforce it, few slaves were affected. • But it was an important symbolic measure. For the North, the Civil War was now a war of liberation.

23. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

24. What was the Emancipation Proclamation? The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order issued by Abraham Lincoln freeing the slaves in all regions that were in rebellion against the Union on January 1, 1863.

25. 3. Why were few slaves freed by the Emancipation Proclamation?

26. 3. Why were few slaves freed by the Emancipation Proclamation? • It only freed slaves in the Border States. • It only freed slaves in slave states that remained loyal to the Union. • It only freed slaves in United States territories. • It only freed slaves in states still in rebellion against the United States.

27. Response to the Proclamation In the North, abolitionists rejoiced, although many believed that Lincoln should free all slaves, including those in the border states.

28. Response to the Proclamation Many Northern Democrats worried that the proclamation would only prolong the war by further angering the South.

29. Response to the Proclamation Most Union soldiers welcomed emancipation because it would help to weaken the South.

30. Response to the Proclamation Southern whites were outraged at the thought that Lincoln was threatening their way of life.

31. Response to the Proclamation With so many Southern men away fighting far from the plantations, news of the proclamation caused slaves to become defiant and disobedient.

32. Response to the Proclamation Whenever the Northern armies drew near, many slaves ran away to Union lines, depriving the Confederacy of labor.

33. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

34. How did Southerners react to the Emancipation Proclamation? • Most ignored it as something that could never be done. • Most were outraged because it threatened their way of life. • Most were unaware of it, since Southern newspapers didn’t write about it. • Most trivialized it by making jokes about it.

35. 4. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the course of the war? Choose all that are true!

36. 4. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the course of the war? • It freed over 8 million slaves immediately. • It informed European nations that the war was now a holy war for freedom. • It forced the Confederacy into the position of fighting a war specifically to preserve slavery. • It announced that African Americans would be allowed to enlist in the Union army. Choose all that are true!

37. African American Soldiers Before the Emancipation Proclamation, the government had discouraged black enlistment.

38. African American Soldiers • Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation invited African Americans to join the Union army. • Frederick Douglass praised the decision, believing that military service by blacks would guarantee their rights to citizenship.

39. African American Soldiers After emancipation, African Americans rushed to join the army.

40. African American Soldiers By the end of the war, 180,000 black soldiers had fought for the Union army.

41. African American Soldiers African-American soldiers fought in all-black units led by white officers.

42. African American Soldiers African Americans often were assigned the worst jobs and paid less than white soldiers.

43. African American Soldiers But African American soldiers showed great courage on the battlefield.

44. The 54th Massachusetts The most famous black regiment of the war was the 54th Massachusetts.

45. The 54th Massachusetts The regiment’s bravery at Fort Wagner, South Carolina in July 1863 made it popular in the North, and increased African American enlistment.

46. The 54th Massachusetts Sergeant W.H. Carney was awarded the Medal of Honor for his bravery in recovering the Union colors at Fort Wagner.

47. The 54th Massachusetts African Americans faced greater danger than whites if captured.

48. Southerners rarely took African Americans as prisoners.

49. The 54th Massachusetts Instead, they often executed black soldiers or returned them to slavery.

50. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!