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Sensor Based Technology for Predicting Soil Organic Carbon (Organic Matter) Kent Martin

Sensor Based Technology for Predicting Soil Organic Carbon (Organic Matter) Kent Martin.

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Sensor Based Technology for Predicting Soil Organic Carbon (Organic Matter) Kent Martin

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  1. Sensor Based Technology for Predicting Soil Organic Carbon (Organic Matter)Kent Martin

  2. Organic matter is the most complex, dynamic, and reactive soil component.Because of the importance of organic matter in soils, its estimation is important in disciplines ranging from soil fertility, chemistry, and physics to land planning and soil productivity. Soil Organic Matter: Analysis and Interpretation

  3. 3H2 + N2 2NH3 GLOBAL WARMING ATMOSPHERE N2O NO N2 INDUSTRIAL FIXATION LIGHTNING, RAINFALL N2 FIXATION PLANT AND ANIMAL RESIDUES HABER BOSCH (1200°C, 500 atm) SYMBIOTIC NON-SYMBIOTIC MESQUITE RHIZOBIUM ALFALFA SOYBEAN BLUE-GREEN ALGAE AZOTOBACTER CLOSTRIDIUM MATERIALS WITH N CONTENT > 1.5% (COW MANURE) MATERIALS WITH N CONTENT < 1.5% (WHEAT STRAW) FERTILIZATION PLANT LOSS AMINO ACIDS MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION NH3 AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION IMMOBILIZATION AMINIZATION HETEROTROPHIC ORGANIC MATTER R-NH2 + ENERGY + CO2 BACTERIA (pH>6.0) FUNGI (pH<6.0) pH>7.0 R-NH2 + H2O AMMONIFICATION NH2OH IMMOBILIZATION R-OH + ENERGY + 2NH3 N2O2- Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Thiobacillus Denitrificans, and T. thioparus 2NH4+ + 2OH- MICROBIAL/PLANT SINK MINERALIZATION + NITRIFICATION FIXED ON EXCHANGE SITES +O2 NO2- Nitrosomonas DENITRIFICATION NO3- POOL NITRIFICATION 2NO2- + H2O + 4H+ OXIDATION STATES Nitrobacter + O2 DENITRIFICATION LEACHING LEACHING VOLATILIZATION NITRIFICATION ADDITIONS NH3 AMMONIA -3 NH4+ AMMONIUM -3 N2 DIATOMIC N 0 N2O NITROUS OXIDE 1 NO NITRIC OXIDE 2 NO2- NITRITE 3 NO3- NITRATE 5 TEMP 50°F LEACHING LEACHING LOSSES OXIDATION REACTIONS LEACHING REDUCTION REACTIONS pH 7.0

  4. (SSCM) Site-specific Crop ManagementHummel and SudduthAims to improve production efficiency by adjusting crop treatments to varying local conditions within the field. Sudduth

  5. Optical SensorUses NIR reflectance data at many different narrow-banded wavelengthsMore complex, but more expensive and less durable than single-band sensorIntended use: soil organic matter

  6. Steps of sensor operation1. Emit light using fiber optics2. Light is reflected from soil surface3. Light is captured by photodetector4. Data is sent to PC

  7. Effective Sensing Range 1630- 2650nm

  8. Prediction of organic carbon in the laboratory

  9. Prediction was based on many variable soil types and variable moisture contents.Accuracy for SOM r^2= 0.89Accuracy for moisture r^2= 0.94

  10. Benefits • Gives a way to measure soil organic matter • Measures soil moisture • Can be added to data layers for specific fields to generate maps

  11. Negative Points • Expensive • Low durability • Not yet acceptable for use in field

  12. Possible uses of sensorEstimation of soil organic matter • Soil structure • Water holding capacity • Infiltration of water and air • Reduction of soil erosion

  13. References • Hummel, John W. Within-field Location and Sensing Technology. 04/18/01 www. odyssey.maine.edu/gisweb/spatdb/acsm/ac94071 • OSU. Oklahoma Soil Fertility Handbook. 2000 • Magdoff, F. R. Soil Organic Matter: Analysis and Interpretation. 1996

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