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Carbon Sequestration in crops and soil organic carbon

Carbon Sequestration in crops and soil organic carbon. Xavier Driver. Drylands in the northern Great Plains have lost 30 to 50% of their original soil organic carbon levels during the last 50 to 100 years due to continuous cultivation and summer fallowing (Upendra M. Sainju et al., 2005).

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Carbon Sequestration in crops and soil organic carbon

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  1. Carbon Sequestration in crops and soil organic carbon Xavier Driver

  2. Drylands in the northern Great Plains have lost 30 to 50% of their original soil organic carbon levels during the last 50 to 100 years due to continuous cultivation and summer fallowing (Upendra M. Sainju et al., 2005).

  3. North America alone gives off 6,613Tg of CO2 each year, which is second in regions of the world to China, while the total world gives off 23,900Tg per year (Lemus, R. R., & Lal, R. R. (2005).

  4. “Bioenergy crops have the potential to sequester approximately 318 Tg C yr in the United States and1631 Tg C yr worldwide.“ (Lemus, R. et al 2005)

  5. SwitchgrassPanicamvirgatum

  6. Tall Fescue

  7. Elephantgrass

  8. Continuous Tilling • No Tilling • Fallowing • Nitrogen Fixation • CRP Land • Crop rotation • Cultural Practice • Soil

  9. Tiller

  10. Fallowing

  11. Two cultural practices • Regular-conventional seed rates and plant spacing, conventional planting date, broadcast N fertilization, and reduced stubble height • Ecological-variable seed rates and plant spacing, delayed planting, banded N fertilization, and increased stubble height. Cultural practice

  12. Participants enroll in CRP contracts for 10 to 15 years. • CRP protects millions of acres of American topsoil from erosion and is designed to safeguard the Nation's natural resources. By reducing water runoff and sedimentation, CRP protects groundwater and helps improve the condition of lakes, rivers, ponds, and streams. Acreage enrolled in the CRP is planted to resource-conserving vegetative covers, making the program a major contributor to increased wildlife populations in many parts of the country. CRP program

  13. CRP land

  14. Green needlegrass

  15. Western wheatgrass

  16. Slender wheatgrass

  17. Continuous spring wheat (CW), spring wheat-fallow (W-F), spring wheat-lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) (W-L), spring wheat-spring wheat-fallow (W-W-F), and spring wheat-pea (Pisum sativum L.)-fallow (W-P-F) in Havre, MT. Crop Rotations

  18. Spring Wheat

  19. Garden Pea

  20. Barley

  21. Lentil

  22. Corn

  23. Continuous Tilling to No Tilling, on land that was recently used as Conservation Reserve Program land, can sequester an average of 570±140 kg C ha−1 yr−1 (Upendra M. Sainju et al., 2005).

  24. “Although no-tillage and ecological cultural practice increased surface residue amount and C and N contents compared with conventional tillage and regular cultural practice, they did not influence soil C and N” (Upendra M. Sainju et al 2007)

  25. SwitchgrassPanicamvirgatum

  26. Switch grass grown on Conservation Reserve Program land with less than 112 kg ammonium nitrate showed increased carbon sequestration at the 0-5 cm level and also at 30-90 cm levels(Lee, D. K., et al., 2007).

  27. Soil C was sequestered at a rate of 2.4 ± 0.9 and 4.0 ± 1.0 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 at the 0- to 90-cm depth with NH4NO3-N and manure-N, respectively(Lee, D. K., et al., 2007).

  28. Despite the differences in soil and climate among sites, the NT had a higher concentration and total mass of C and N in the surface 5 cm relative to the tilled system (Fabrizzi, K. P. et al 2009).

  29. Microbial biomass was greater under NT than T in the Oxisol and Mollisol, but was similar among treatments in the Vertisol (Fabrizzi, K. P. et al 2009).

  30. Mollisol

  31. Oxisol

  32. Vertisol

  33. Lemus, R. R., & Lal, R. R. (2005). Bioenergy Crops and Carbon Sequestration. Critical Reviews In Plant Sciences, 24(1), 1-21. doi:10.1080/07352680590910393 • Sainju, U. M., Lenssen, A., & Caesar-Thonthat, T. (2006). Carbon Sequestration in Dryland Soils and Plant Residue as Influenced by Tillage and Crop Rotation. Journal Of Environmental Quality, 35(4), 1341-1347 • Song, Y., Ding, X. X., Zheng, D. D., & Li, Q. Q. (2007). Depiction of the Variations of Great Plains Precipitation and Its Relationship with Tropical Central-Eastern Pacific SST. Journal Of Applied Meteorology & Climatology, 46(2), 136-153. doi:10.1175/JAM2455.1 • Fuhlendorf, S., Zhang, H., Tunnell, T., Engle, D., & Cross, A. (2002). Effects of Grazing on Restoration of Southern Mixed Prairie Soils. Restoration Ecology, 10(2), 401-407. doi:10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.00013.x • Lee, D. K., Owens, V. N., & Doolittle, J. J. (2007). Switchgrass and Soil Carbon Sequestration Response to Ammonium Nitrate, Manure, and Harvest Frequency on Conservation Reserve Program Land. Agronomy Journal, 99(2), 462-468 • Fabrizzi, K. P., Rice, C. W., Amado, T. C., Fiorin, J., Barbagelata, P., & Melchiori, R. (2009). Protection of soil organic C and N in temperate and tropical soils: effect of native and agroecosystems. Biogeochemistry, 92(1/2), 129-143. doi:10.1007/s • www.fsa.usda.gov • Sainju, U. M., Lenssen, A. W., Caesar-TonThat, T., Jabro, J. D., Lartey, R. T., Evans, R. G., & Allen, B. L. (2011). Dryland residue and soil organic matter as influenced by tillage, crop rotation, and cultural practice. Plant & Soil, 338(1/2), 27-41. doi:10.1007/s11104-010-0403-5 References

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