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THE MESSIANIC KINGDOM

THE MESSIANIC KINGDOM. Gold. Inferiority. Silver. Bronze. Iron. Iron & Clay. The Stone Cut Without Hands. Divine Activity. A Great Mountain. The Kingdom Of God. The Significance Of A “Mountain”.

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THE MESSIANIC KINGDOM

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  1. THE MESSIANIC KINGDOM

  2. Gold Inferiority Silver Bronze Iron Iron & Clay

  3. The Stone Cut Without Hands Divine Activity

  4. A Great Mountain The Kingdom Of God

  5. The Significance Of A “Mountain” • Isa. 13:4: “The noise of a multitude in the mountains, as of a great people! the noise of a tumult of the kingdoms of the nations gathered together! Jehovah of hosts is mustering the host for the battle.”

  6. The Significance Of A “Mountain” • Jer. 51:24-26: 24 “And I will repay Babylon And all the inhabitants of Chaldea For all the evil they have done In Zion in your sight,” says the Lord. 25 “Behold, I am against you, O destroying mountain, Who destroys all the earth,” says the Lord. “And I will stretch out My hand against you, Roll you down from the rocks, And make you a burnt mountain.26 They shall not take from you a stone for a corner Nor a stone for a foundation, But you shall be desolate forever,” says the Lord.

  7. Dan. 2:35, 44-45 35…And the stone that struck the image became a great mountain and filled the whole earth. …. 44“And in the days of these kings the God of heaven will set up a kingdom which shall never be destroyed; and the kingdom shall not be left to other people; it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand forever. 45“Inasmuch as you saw that the stone was cut out of the mountain without hands, and that it broke in pieces the iron, the bronze, the clay, the silver, and the gold….

  8. Gold Babylon Silver Media Bronze Persia Liberal Critical View Iron Greece Iron & Clay

  9. Liberal Critical Arguments • Babylon to be conquered by Medes (Isa. 13:17; Jer. 51:11) • Babylon “divided” (partitioned) between Medes and Persians (Dan. 5:28) • Darius the Mede vs. Cyrus the Persian • Darius ruled before Cyrus (Dan. 6:28)

  10. Liberal Critical Arguments • Second inferior kingdom fits the Medes • Fourth kingdom fits Greece • Kingdom of God not established until after four kingdoms

  11. Response • Many nations involved in Babylon’s destruction (Isa. 21:2; Jer. 51:27-28) • “Divided” means to break in two not necessarily partitioned (Dan. 5:28) • Darius the Mede was bound by “law of the Medes and Persians” (Dan. 6:8, 12, 15)

  12. Response • Ram represents “the kings of Media and Persia” (Dan. 8:20) • Media and Persia connected together (Esth. 1:3, 14, 18-19; 10:2) • Racial distinction does not prove independent Median kingdom

  13. Response • No conclusive proof that Darius ruled before Cyrus • Darius may have been subordinate ruler • Darius may have been Cyrus • Inferiority doesn’t necessarily refer to military might or size of empire

  14. Response • Third kingdom “ruling over all the earth” (Dan. 2:39) “fits” Greeks better than Persians • Fourth kingdom “fits” Rome • Kingdom of God established “in the days of these kings” not afterward (Dan. 2:44) • Prophesy failed

  15. Response • Liberal Critics have anti-supernatural bias

  16. Gold Babylon Medo-Persia Silver Bronze Greece Stuart’s View Iron Successors Iron & Clay

  17. Response • Greek kingdom nottwo independent kingdoms • Leopard = one animal with 4 heads (Dan. 7:6) • He-Goat = one animal with 4horns(Dan. 8:5-8) • Four horns = 4 inferior kingdoms (Dan. 8:21-23)

  18. Response • Fourth kingdom “break[ing] in pieces and crush[ing] all others” (Dan. 2:40) hardly “fits” the Seleucid kingdom • Prophecy failed

  19. Gold Babylon Medo-Persia Silver Bronze Greece Dispensational View Iron Rome (Ancient & Revived) Iron & Clay

  20. Dispensational Arguments • Stone striking image suggest catastrophic event • Christianity did not “fill the whole earth” • Ten toes = ten horns (Dan. 7:7, 20, 24) of Revived Roman Empire

  21. Response • No hint of Revived Roman Empire • Interpretation based on assumptions • Image has ten toes • Ten toes = ten horns • Ten horns = ten kingdoms • Does not harmonize with NT teaching

  22. Gold Babylon Medo-Persia Silver Bronze Greece Traditional View Iron Rome Iron & Clay

  23. Arguments For Traditional View • Accepted interpretation until 19th century • Christianity born during time of Roman Empire

  24. Objections To Traditional View • Stone destroyed whole image • Image destroyed suddenly & catastrophically • Image destroyed before kingdom of God established • All world monarchies would end with the establishment of God’s kingdom • Stone didn’t fill the whole earth

  25. The Significance Of The Great Mountain The Kingdom Of God

  26. The Sociological View George E. Ladd: “The Kingdom of God is the ideal social order in which men learn to enjoy a relation to God as sons and to one another as brothers. It is humanity organized according to the will of God, the Christian transfiguration of the social order, the establishment of a community of righteousness in mankind. This new society of the Kingdom of God will be achieved by the reign of love. It is in short the recognition of the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man. …. The popular form of this view looks to the church to build the Kingdom of God on earth.” (“The Kingdom Of God And The Church,” Foundations: A Baptist Journal Of History And Theology, April, 1961, 4:2:167)

  27. The Eschatological View George E. Ladd: “The Kingdom of God by definition is the earthly Kingdom promised to Israel in the Old Testament in which the Jewish people will rule over the Gentile nations of earth. Jesus offered the Jews this Davidic Kingdom. When they rejected it, it was postponed and will be finally established as the millennial Kingdom of Christ at his Second Coming. In the parenthesis period between the rejection and the coming of the Kingdom, God is doing a new thing unforeseen in the Old Testament. He is creating the church, the body and bride of Christ. (“The Kingdom Of God And The Church,” Foundations: A Baptist Journal Of History And Theology, April, 1961, 4:2:165-166)

  28. The “Air Of Expectancy” • Simeon was waiting for the consolation of Israel(Lk. 2:25) • Anna was looking for the redemption of Jerusalem (Lk. 2:38) • The thief on the cross asked Jesus to remember him when “You come into your kingdom” (Lk. 23:42) • Joseph of Arimathaea was waiting for the kingdom of God (Mk. 15:42-43; Lk. 23:50-51) • The apostles asked: “Lord, will You at this time restore the kingdom to Israel?” (Acts 1:6)

  29. The Kingdom Was Near • John the Baptist preached that the kingdom of God was "at hand" (Mt. 3:2) • Jesus preached that the kingdom of God was "at hand" (Mt. 4:17) • The apostles preached that the kingdom of God was "at hand" (Mt. 10:7) • The seventy preached that the kingdom of God was "near" (Lk. 10:9, 11)

  30. The Time Is Fulfilled • Daniel: “And in the days of these kings the God of heaven will set up a kingdom which shall never be destroyed; and the kingdom shall not be left to other people; it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand forever.” (Dan. 2:44) • Jesus: “The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand. Repent, and believe in the gospel.” (Mk. 1:15) • If Daniel looked to the 21st century, then dispensationalists are right and Jesus was wrong! • If Daniel looked to the 1st century, then Jesus was right and dispensationalists are wrong!

  31. Mark 9:1 And He said to them, 'Assuredly, I say to you that there are some standing here who will not taste death till they see the kingdom of God present with power.' • Jesus was mistaken • Jesus lied • There’s some awfully old people walking around • The kingdom was established during the lifetime of Jesus' contemporaries • There is another explanation

  32. Christ Has All Authority(Mt. 28:18) • Angels, authorities, and powers (1 Pet. 3:22) • Principalities and powers (Col. 2:9-10, 14-15) • Rule, authority, power, dominion, every name (Eph. 1:20-21) • Allthings to thechurch (Eph. 1:22-23) • Allflesh (Jn. 17:1-2) • Allthings (Jn. 13:3; 1 Cor. 15:27; Eph. 1:22) • Kings (1 Tim. 6:14-15; Rev. 1:5; 17:14; 19:15-16) • Death and Hades (Rev. 1:18)

  33. The Kingdom Has Come • Christ is reigning on David's throne (Acts 2:29-36; 5:31) • Jesus is King of kings and Lord of lords (1 Tim. 6:15; Rev. 1:5; 17:14; 19:16) • Philip preached the good news about the kingdom (Acts 8:12) • Early Christians proclaimed Jesus as King (Acts 17:6-7) • Paul preached the kingdom (Acts 19:8; 20:25; 28:23, 30-31)

  34. The Kingdom Has Come • The Colossians were translated into the kingdom (Col. 1:13-14) • The Thessalonians were called into the kingdom (1 Th. 2:12) • The Hebrew Christians received a kingdom (Heb. 12:28) • John was a partaker in the kingdom (Rev. 1:6, 9) • Men of every tribe and tongue were made a kingdom (Rev. 5:9-10)

  35. The Ecclesiological View George E. Ladd: “The ecclesiological interpretation of the Kingdom in one way or another equates the Kingdom and the church. The Kingdom is composed of the people who are subject to the rule of God or who share his rule.” (“The Kingdom Of God And The Church,” Foundations, April, 1961, 4:2:164)

  36. Can The “Kingdom” Be The “Church” In These Passages? • Mt. 6:33: “But seek first the kingdom of God and His righteousness, and all these things shall be added to you. • Mt. 11:11-12: 11“Assuredly, I say to you, among those born of women there has not risen one greater than John the Baptist; but he who is least in the kingdom of heaven is greater than he. 12“And from the days of John the Baptist until now the kingdom of heaven suffers violence, and the violent take it by force.

  37. Can The “Kingdom” Be The “Church” In These Passages? • Mt. 12:28: “But if I cast out demons by the Spirit of God, surely the kingdom of God has come upon you. • Mt. 13:19: When anyone hears the word of the kingdom, and does not understand it, then the wicked one comes and snatches away what was sown in his heart. This is he who received seed by the wayside.

  38. Can The “Kingdom” Be The “Church” In These Passages? • Mt. 13:24, 38, 41: 24Another parable He put forth to them, saying: “The kingdom of heaven is like a man who sowed good seed in his field…. 38“The field is the world, the good seeds are the sons of the kingdom, but the tares are the sons of the wicked one…. 41“The Son of Man will send out His angels, and they will gather out of His kingdom all things that offend, and those who practice lawlessness,

  39. Can The “Kingdom” Be The “Church” In These Passages? • Mt. 21:43: 43“Therefore I say to you, the kingdom of God will be taken from you and given to a nation bearing the fruits of it. • Mk. 10:15:15“Assuredly, I say to you, whoever does not receive the kingdom of God as a little child will by no means enter it.” • Lk. 12:32: 32“Do not fear, little flock, for it is your Father’s good pleasure to give you the kingdom.

  40. Can The “Kingdom” Be The “Church” In These Passages? • Lk. 17:20-21:20Now when He was asked by the Pharisees when the kingdom of God would come, He answered them and said, “The kingdom of God does not come with observation; 21“nor will they say, ‘See here!’ or ‘See there!’ For indeed, the kingdom of God is within you.”

  41. Can The “Kingdom” Be The “Church” In These Passages? • Lk. 19:11-12, 15: 11Now as they heard these things, He spoke another parable, because He was near Jerusalem and because they thought the kingdom of God would appear immediately. 12Therefore He said: “A certain nobleman went into a far country to receive for himself a kingdom and to return. …. 15“And so it was that when he returned, having received the kingdom, he then commanded these servants, to whom he had given the money, to be called to him, that he might know how much every man had gained by trading.

  42. Can The “Kingdom” Be The “Church” In These Passages? • Lk. 21:31:31“So you also, when you see these things happening, know that the kingdom of God is near. • Acts 1:6:6Therefore, when they had come together, they asked Him, saying, “Lord, will You at this time restore the kingdom to Israel?”

  43. Can The “Kingdom” Be The “Church” In These Passages? • 1 Cor. 4:20-21: 20For the kingdom of Godis not in word but in power. 21What do you want? Shall I come to you with a rod, or in love and a spirit of gentleness? • 1 Cor. 15:50:50Now this I say, brethren, that flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God; nor does corruption inherit incorruption.

  44. The Theological View George E. Ladd: “The view which we believe to be required by the New Testament data may be called the theological view, because it finds the fundamental meaning of the Kingdom of God not in the church nor in an eschatological order nor in an earthly social order but in the redemptive rule of God himself. One of the most valuable achievements of critical Biblical theology has been the discovery that the Kingdom of God is not primarily a people nor a realm nor a social order but the dynamic rule of God.”(“The Kingdom Of God And The Church,” Foundations: A Baptist Journal Of History And Theology, April, 1961, 4:2:168)

  45. The Kingdom Is Not The People • Dan. 2:44:44“And in the days of these kings the God of heaven will set up a kingdom which shall never be destroyed; and the kingdom shall not be left to other people; it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand forever. • Dan. 7:18: 18‘But the saints of the Most High shall receive the kingdom, and possess the kingdom forever, even forever and ever.’

  46. “Kingdom”(Basileia) W. E. Vine: “is primarily an abstract noun, denoting sovereignty, royal power, dominion…. then, by metonymy, a concrete noun, denoting the territory or people over whom a king rules, e.g., Matt. 4:8; Mark 3:24.” (The Expanded Vine’s Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words, p. 624)

  47. “Kingdom”(Basileia) • BAGD: "1. kingship, royal power, royal rule, kingdom.... 2. kingdom, i.e. the territory ruled over by a king.... 3. esp. the royal reign or kingdom of God.…”(A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, pp. 134-135) • Joseph Thayer: "1. royal power, kingship, dominion, rule.... 2. a kingdom i.e. the territory subject to the rule of a king.…”(A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, #932, pp. 96-97)

  48. “Kingdom” • H. L. Ellison: “Kingdom...is primarily ‘sovereignty’, kingly rule and power. It is something which has always existed, but in its fulness it is yet future. It entered the world in a new way with the coming of the King (Mk 1:15).... “There are a few passages where it is used more in our sense of the sphere in which God’s sovereignty is exercised. Even here, however, the stress on God’s sovereignty is normally prominent." (The New Layman's Bible Commentary, p. 1189)

  49. The “Kingdom” InHebrew Parallelism • 1 Chr. 29:11: Yours, O Lord, is the greatness, The power and the glory, The victory and the majesty; For all thatis in heaven and in earth isYours; Yours is the kingdom, O Lord, And You are exalted as head over all.

  50. The “Kingdom” InHebrew Parallelism • Psa. 22:28: 28 For the kingdomis the Lord’s, And He rules over the nations. • Psa. 103:19: The Lord has established His throne in heaven, And His kingdom rules over all. • Psa. 145:11: “They shall speak of the glory of Your kingdom, And talk of Your power”

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