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NOS (Nature of Science)

NOS (Nature of Science). Introduction to Life Science. Life Science Investigation (OWR).

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NOS (Nature of Science)

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  1. NOS (Nature of Science) Introduction to Life Science

  2. Life Science Investigation (OWR) • In a 1 paragraph response, summarize and describe the important topics that were covered in 6th grade Earth Science and why you did or did not enjoy discussing them. In the second paragraph, brainstorm as to what you think 7th grade Life Science is and what it entails. What topics will be discussed? Who does it involve? What are some topics that you would like to discuss?

  3. Syllabus Review • 1) List any 3 expectations that I have for my students. • 2) The cost to replace a lost science notebook (workbook) is $_______. • 3) Explain the proper way students ask to go to the restroom in my class. • 4) Where is my restroom pass located? • 5) What must you do before you ask a question or make a statement?

  4. Syllabus Review • 6) Classwork/Homework accounts for ________ % of your total grade. • 7) Quizzes/Tests/Projects accounts for ________ % of your total grade. • 8) T/F Students will be issued textbooks at some point this school year. • 9) Your signed syllabus is due on ______. • 10) Your first quiz grade in this class is on __________.

  5. Section 1: Objectives • Explain the importance of asking questions in life science. • State examples of life scientists at work. • List three ways life science is beneficial to living things.

  6. It All Starts with a Question • Life Science: the study of living things • You ask millions of questions every day that you want to know the answer to. • The only way to discover the answer to a question is to test the question.

  7. It All Starts with A Question • Who are life scientists? • Anyone can become as life scientist • Anywhere: Scientists carry out investigations and make discoveries everywhere (on the ocean floor, on farms, or even in space) • Anything: Life scientists study anything that is living or once was living.

  8. Fighting Diseases: Scientists ask questions in order to solve problems. Without asking a question, the vaccination for polio would never have been discovered. Why Ask Questions?

  9. Understanding Inherited Diseases: By learning how some diseases are inherited, scientists hope to prevent their spread. Why Ask Questions?

  10. Protecting the Environment: Understanding how we affect the world around us is important in preserving other life on Earth. Why Ask Questions?

  11. Review Questions • 1) What is the importance of asking questions in Life Science? • 2) Where do life scientists work? • 3) What do life scientists study? • 4) Give 2 examples of how we affect the world around us.

  12. Section 2: Objectives • Describe scientific methods. • Determine the appropriate design of a controlled experiment. • Use information in tables and graphs to analyze experimental results. • Explain how scientific knowledge can change.

  13. Scientific Methods • The way in which scientists answer questions and solve problems are called scientific methods. • Scientists don’t always have to follow the same steps in order to solve a problem.

  14. Scientific Methods

  15. Scientific Methods • Asking a question helps focus the purpose of the investigation. • An observation is any use of the senses to gather information. • You should record observations throughout the entire experiment.

  16. Scientific Methods • Engineers ask questions all the time. • They ask questions in order to create better (more efficient) ways of doing things. • Technology: application of science for practical purposes

  17. Efficiency Example • An example of efficiency that engineers study is in boats. • Boat efficiency compares energy used to move the boat forward with energy supplied by the engine. • Why would making boats more efficient be useful?

  18. Scientific Methods • Once you have asked a question, you are ready to formulate your hypothesis. • Hypothesis = educated guess • Hypothesis: explanation based on prior scientific research or observations that can be tested

  19. Scientific Methods After you form a hypothesis, you must test it. Why would you test your hypothesis?

  20. Scientific Methods • One way to test your hypothesis is to perform a controlled experiment. • A controlled experiment tests one variable at a time. • Why would this be important?

  21. Scientific Methods Always collect any useful data while performing your experiment. Data: pieces of information acquired through observation or experimentation

  22. Scientific Methods • Once you have data, analyze it to find out whether it supports/rejects your hypothesis.

  23. Scientific Methods • At the end of an experiment, you must draw conclusions. • This helps explain why your hypothesis was supported or rejected.

  24. Results: what happened Should support or reject your hypothesis. Conclusion: why it happened Do not restate results. Scientific Methods

  25. Scientific Methods • After your experiment is completed, you should share your results/conclusions with other scientists. • Why would this be important?

  26. Section 2: Review Questions • 1) Name the steps that can be used in the scientific method. • 2) At what number of flaps/second is the boat most and least efficient? Why? • 3) At what point does the efficiency neither increase nor decrease? How do you know?

  27. Thinking Outside the Box #1 • Question: Which brand of popcorn produces the most popped kernels? • Hypothesis: What you think will happen. • Experiment: Design an experiment to test your hypothesis. • Variables: Independent and Dependent Variables

  28. Thinking Outside the Box # 1 • Controls: Things that don’t change in the experiment • Results: How would you display these? Chart, graph, etc. Why? • Conclusions: How would you write conclusions for this experiment?

  29. Thinking Outside the Box # 2 • Question: Which paper airplane design travels the greatest distance? • Hypothesis: What you think will happen. • Experiment: Design a step-by-step experiment to test your hypothesis and answer your question. • Variables: Independent/Dependent Variables

  30. Thinking Outside the Box # 2 • Controls: What remains the same during each test in the experiment? • Results: How would you display your results for this experiment? Bar graph, line graph, pie chart, etc. Why would you chose this? • Conclusions: How is this different than your results?

  31. Thinking Outside the Box # 3 • Question: Which combination of vinegar and baking soda will result in the largest chemical reaction? • Hypothesis: What you think will happen. • Experiment: Design an experiment to test your hypothesis. • Variables: Independent and Dependent

  32. Thinking Outside the Box # 3 • Controls: Things that don’t change during the experiment. • Results: How would you display your results? Pie chart, line graph, bar graph, etc. Why would you chose this method? • Conclusions: How will this be different from your results?

  33. Section 3: Objectives • Give examples of three types of models. • Identify the benefits and limitations of models. • Compare the ways that scientists use hypotheses, theories, and laws.

  34. Scientific Models • Model: representation of an object or system • Scientific models serve many purposes. • The main purpose is to visually represent something that is too large or too small.

  35. Scientific Models • There are three types of scientific models. • They include: • Physical models • Mathematical models • Conceptual models

  36. Scientific Models • Physical model examples include: • Model airplanes • Models of cells • DNA models • How can physical models be useful?

  37. Scientific Models • Mathematical models are made up of equations and data. • These allow you to calculate such things as force and acceleration.

  38. Scientific Models • Conceptual models are basically systems or ideas. • The Big Bang Theory, which describes how galaxies and planets were formed, is one example.

  39. NOS Section 1-3 Recap • 1) What do life scientists study? • 2) Why is understanding how we affect the world around us important? • 3) What does asking a question help us do? • 4) What is a controlled experiment? • 5) List the 3 types of scientific models.

  40. NOS Section 1-3 Recap • 6) List the 5th step used in the scientific method. • 7) Explain the difference between results and conclusions. • 8) Explain the difference between quantitative and qualitative data. • 9) __ is the base unit for mass. • 10) Why is communicating results important for any scientist?

  41. Section 4: Objectives • Give 3 examples of how life scientists use computers and technology. • Describe three tools life scientists use to observe organisms. • Explain the importance of the SI system (metric system).

  42. The SI System • Precise measurements are very important in any branch of science. • Examples include: • Adding/subtracting chemicals • Measuring distance between 2 objects • Taking the mass of an object • Converting measurements

  43. The SI System • In the late 1700s, the French Academy of Sciences began developing a world-wide system of units. • Today most scientists and almost all countries use this system. • One advantage of this system is that it helps scientists share and compare results.

  44. The SI System • Another advantage of the SI system is almost all units are based on the number 10. • Basing most units on the number 10 makes conversions from one unit to another easier. • Common measurements that SI units are used for include L, V, M, and Tem.

  45. The SI System • Length = meters (m) • Area = square units (m^2) • Volume = liters (L) • Mass = gram (g) • Temperature = Fahrenheit (F), Celsius (C), and Kelvin (K)

  46. Penny Lab Post Lab Analysis • 1) Independent Variable: • 2) Dependent Variable: • 3) Controls: • 4) Results: • 5) Conclusions:

  47. NOS Vocabulary Review • 1) ____: the investigation and exploration of natural events and of the new information that results from those investigations • 2) ____: comparing what you already know with the information you are given in order to decide whether you agree with it • 3) ____: the factor measured or observed during the experiment • 4) ____: the factors in an experiment that remain the same

  48. NOS Vocabulary Review • 5) ____: the practical use of scientific knowledge, especially for industrial or commercial use • 6) ____: using 1 or more of your senses to gather information and take note of what occurs • 7) ____: a statement of what will happen next in a series of events • 8) ____: a logical explanation of an observation that is drawn from prior knowledge and experience

  49. NOS Vocabulary Review • 9) ____: an explanation of observations or events based on knowledge gained from many observations and investigations • 10) ____: any factor in an experiment that can have 1 or more value • 11) ____: a possible explanation about an observation that can be tested by scientific investigations

  50. NOS Vocabulary Review • 12) _____: a factor that you want to test in an experiment • 13) _____: describes a pattern or an event in nature that is always true

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