Unit Twenty-one

1. Unit Twenty-one Local Specialities

2. Local Specialities Three Gorges Tea Three Gorges Sweet Potato Crisp Oranges Three Gorges Stones Chinese Medicinal Herbs

3. The climatic feature of Yichang is that the four seasons are clearly demarcated. It's hot in summer and there's much rain, while it's cold in winter and there's little rain. Abundant water resources, thick vegetation, comfortable climate and fertile soil supply an excellent environment for animals and plants. Yichang is abundant in resources. There are a wide variety of kinds of fruits, such as oranges, pears, peaches, grapes, watermelons, musk melons, strawberries, persimmons and so on. Besides Yichang is rich in wild grown species like the Chinese gooseberry and chestnut, mushroom, Jew's-ear and so on.

4. Three Gorges stones, Three Gorges Root Carving and Potted Landscape, Three Gorges pots, painted pottery as well as Changyang hand-made straw products are valued for their brilliant color, life-like shapes and good quality and well received by tourists as souvenirs. Yichang is rich in tung oil and lacquer. In addition, there are many Chinese traditional medicinal herbs, for example, trillium tschonoskii, Paris polyphylla, burdock, pawpaw, gastrodia tuber, centipede, roots of kudzu vine, tuber fleeceflower, chrysanthemum etc.

5. There are many local specialities in Yichang and the best well-known ones of them are: navel-shaped orange in Zigui, Honey Tangerine in Yichang, Three Gorges Sweet Potato Crisp, Wild vegetable, sesame oil with the brand “Qixing”, mushroom in Yuan’an, the rice of the tribute in Mingfeng , series salted and dried food of “Tulaohan”, “Tujiasao speciality food”, series food of “Lulaoji”, Pear in Bailizhou, whitebait in Qingjiang River, Green tea in Wufeng and so on . You can also taste genuine well-hung preserved hams(bacon )in Yichang . Yichang is endowed with the hometown of oranges, fragrant tea, gastrodia tuber, and minerals .

6. Chinese gooseberry back

7. 土 特 产 宜昌的气候特点是四季分明。夏季炎热多雨，冬季寒冷少雨。丰富的水资源,茂密的植被,怡人的气候和肥沃的土壤为动植物的生长提供了一个绝好的环境。 宜昌物产丰富，水果种类繁多，有柑橘、梨子、桃子、葡萄、西瓜、香瓜、草莓、柿子等。还有众多的野生种类，如猕猴桃、板栗、磨菇、木耳。三峡石、三峡根艺和盆景、三峡壶、宜昌彩陶和长阳的手工草编以其艳丽的色彩、栩栩如生的形象及上乘的质量被视为珍品，是深受游客欢迎的纪念品。宜昌还盛产桐油和漆。中药材有头顶一颗珠、七叶一枝花、牛蒡、木瓜、天麻、蜈蚣、葛根、何首乌、以及菊花等。最知名的特产有秭归脐橙、宜昌蜜橘、“土家人”三峡苕酥、“野山珍”系列冻干食品、“七星”麻油、鸣凤贡米、远安香菇、“土老憨”腊菜系列、“土家嫂”特色食品、“鲁老记”系列食品、百里洲沙梨、清江银鱼、五峰绿茶。在宜昌您还可以品尝到独特的薰腊肉。 宜昌是著名的“中国柑桔之乡”、“名优茶之乡”、“天麻之乡”、“矿产、石材之乡”。

8. Notes: 1. persimmon: It can be divided into two major types: edible persimmon and oil-persimmon. The edible persimmon is sweet and juicy with rich nutrition and can be made into persimmon cakes , persimmon sugar and many other products. Oil-persimmon is an important raw material for chemical industry. 柿：柿分为食用柿和油用柿两大类。食用柿营养丰富，味甜汁多，可制成柿饼,柿糖。油柿是化工原料。 2. the Chinese gooseberry : Sweet and sour , abundant with juicy and full-body fragrance .It contains many kinds of vitamins and proteins as well as essential minerals that human being needs such as calcium , phosphorus, magnesium, iron and pectin.猕猴桃味道酸甜，果香远飘，汁多肉嫩。它含有丰富的维他命和蛋白质，以及其他人体所必须的元素如钙，磷，镁，铁等。

9. 3. chestnut : Its reddish pulp contains many nutritious materials such as protein, fat, sugar, starch, high quality edible fiber and so on. Research shows that it has the function of improving blood circulation, building up constitution and prolonging life.板栗：果肉红，含蛋白质、脂肪、糖及淀粉、粗纤维等多种营养成分，还有促进血液循环,增强体质,延年益寿等功能。 The Fragrant Mushroom is among the most famous edible fungus and is regarded as the "Treasure of Nutrients". The flesh is thick and looks bright in color with full fragrance and flowerlike designs. It is of great medicine value and has the function of anti-tumor and curing rickets deceases. 香菇是著名的食用菌，营养价值很高，具有肉质厚，香味浓，色泽鲜的特点，又可以入药，经常食用可以治佝偻病，抗癌。

10. brilliant a 灿烂的, 闪耀的 burdock n. [植]牛蒡 centipede n. 蜈蚣 chrysanthemum n. 菊花 climatic a. 气候上的 crisp a. 脆的, 易碎的 demarcate v. 划分界线 feature n. 特征, 容貌,特色 gastrodia tuber n 天麻 kudzu vine n 葛根 medicinal a. 医学的, 药的 mineral n. 矿物, 矿石 musk melons 香瓜 pawpaw n. [植]木瓜, 万寿果 preserved hams 腊肉 persimmon n. 柿子 pottery n. 陶器, 陶器场 souvenir n. 纪念品 sesame n. 芝麻 straw n. 稻草, 麦杆 tangerine n. 橘子 tribute n. 贡品, 礼物 tuber fleeceflower n 何首乌 whitebait n. [鱼] 银鱼 back to main page

11. Passage 1 Three Gorges Tea

12. Yichang is famous for growing tea and is named “the hometown of tea ”.There are three main kinds of tea: green tea、black tea and Ningqing tea(also called Changshou tea ). There are many different brands of green tea, for example, Xiazhou Green tea, Green Tea in Deng Village , Qian Zhang Bai Hao Tea, Tian Ma Jian Hao Tea, Wufeng Master Xiang Tea, Wufeng Shuixian Chun Hao Tea, Wufeng Tiger and Lion Tea, Cai Hua Mao Jian and so on.

13. It is said that the good tea grows in the high mountains. The environment in Wufeng enjoys exceptional advantages, where the soil is very fertile and fine. There are chains of mountains, thick forest with dense trees. Mountain steams run freely and quickly, cloud and mist wreathe around the mountains .The climate is moderate with plenty of rain. Tea is made in Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County where the average altitude is as high as 800 meters and there are 280 days without frost in a year. The annual rainfall is 1406mm. The difference in temperature between day and night is very large. Therefore, the tea is not polluted at all and it is an ideal site for tea growing.

14. Wufeng Tea is made from fresh tender leaves growing in cloudy, misty tea region of high mountains in Wufeng without any pollutions, and refined manufactured by traditional methods and modern technology. It is characterized by its green color, high fragrance, mellow taste, strong juice flavor and beautiful shape and rich in many trace elements such as selenium and zinc. It also has many secondary functions of anti-cancer, disinfection, anti-radiation and anti-caducity. It can clear away the heart-fire and brighten the eyes, relieve a cough and promote production of body fluid, improve looks and strengthen the body, reduce weight and nourish the brain. It is really a good kind of natural green food.

15. Put 3-4 grammes of the tea in a cup and pour some boiling water, keep it for 2-3 minutes and then sup and taste slowly. When the tea water goes down to one-third of the cup, add boiling water again and the flavor stays as well. It is advisable that the boiling water be added three times. In addition, Yichang also enjoys worldwide reputation for its black tea . Since Yichang was listed as an external trade port in 1876,Yichang Black Tea has mainly exported to Britain, Russia, West Europe and many other countries.

16. Notes: 1. anti: prefix 前缀(used widely with ns and adjs可与很多名词和形容词结合 ) 反对,反,阻止,防止,抗 eg. anti-aircraft 歼击敌机的,防空的 anti-ageing adj. 皮肤防皱的，防止皮肤发皱的 anti-icer n. 防冰装置 anti-tank adj. 反坦克的 anti-sunburn adj. 防日晒的 anti-lock adj. 防锁的（铁箍） 2. natural green food means natural pollution-free food. New Words: manufacture vt. 制造, 加工 mellow a. (因熟透而)醇香的、甘美的 advantage n. 优势, 有利条件 advisable a 可取的, 明智的

17. mist n. 薄雾 moderate a 中等的, 适度的 nourish vt. 滋养, 使健壮 pour v. 灌注, 倾泻 radiation n. 辐射, 放射 refined a 精制的, 优雅的 relieve vt. 减轻, 解除 Selenium n .[化]硒(非金属元素) strengthen v. 加强, 巩固 sup vt.吸vi 啜饮 trace n. 微量 tender a. 嫩的, 温柔的 zinc n. 锌 altitude n. (尤指海拔)高度 annual a. 每年的 autonomous a. 自治的 caducity n. 早落性, 衰老 characterize vt. 表现...的特色 dense a 密集的, 浓厚的 disinfection n. 消毒 fertile a. 肥沃的, 富饶的 flavor n. 情味, 风味, 滋味 fluid n. 流动性, 流度 fragrance n. 芬芳, 香气, 香味 frost n. 霜, 霜冻, 严寒 gramme n. 克

18. Exercises: I.Answer the questions: 1.What is Wufeng famous for ? 2.Is Wufeng a good site for tea growing ? Why? 3.What is Wufeng tea characterized by ? 4.What functions does Wufeng tea have ? 5.How to make tea ? key II. Decide the statements true or false: 1.The good tea is made in the high mountains with frost .( ) 2.Tea is made in Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County where the average altitude is as high as 600 meters . ( ) key

19. 3.Wufeng Tea is made from fresh tender leaves with any pollutions ( ) 4.Tea can clear away the heart-fire and brighten the eyes.( ) 5.Put 3-4 kilogrammes of the tea in a cup and pour some boiling water, keep it for 2-3 minutes and then sup and taste slowly.( ) III. Multiple choices: 1.The environment in Wufeng enjoys exceptional advantages, _______ the soil is very fertile and fine. A. which B. what C. where D. that key

20. 2.Wufeng tea is made from fresh tender ________without any pollution. A. leave B. leaves C. leaf D. leafs 3.There are ______days without frost in a year A. 270 B. 250 C. 260 D. 280 4.Tea can improve looks and_________ the body. A. strength B. strengthens C. strong D. strengthen 5.It is advisable that the boiling_______ three times. A. adds B. added C. be added D. is added key

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23. Translation: 三 峡 绿 茶 宜昌盛产茶叶，有“名优茶之乡”之美称。主要有绿茶、宜红茶、宁清茶（也叫长寿茶）。 绿茶品牌众多，有峡州碧绿、邓村绿茶、千丈白毫、天麻剑毫、五峰向师傅茶、五峰水仙春毫、五峰虎狮茶、采花毛尖等。 高山云雾出好茶。五峰的生态环境得天独厚，土质优良。那里山峦重叠，林深树茂，溪涧纵横，云雾缭绕，气候温和，雨量充沛。茶叶生长在平均海拔800米以上的名茶指向五峰土家族自治县，全年无霜期280天左右。年降雨量高 1406mm，昼夜温差大，无任何污染，是茶叶理想的生长地。

24. 五峰绿茶以五峰高山云雾茶区鲜嫩茶叶为原料，采用传统工艺和现代科技相结合精制而成。五峰茶具有“色绿、香高、味醇、液浓、形美”的特点，含有丰富的硒、锌等人体必需之微量元素。有辅助抗癌、杀菌、抗辐射的作用，还具有清心明目、生津止渴、养颜健体、减肥健脑之功效。实为天然绿色饮品。 取茶叶3-4克投入杯中，开水冲泡二、三分钟，即可品饮。待茶汤饮至三分之一时加添开水再饮，一般可加开水冲饮三次。 另外，宜昌的红茶也非常有名。自1876年宜昌被列为对外通商口岸，宜红茶主销英国、俄罗斯及西欧等国家地区。 back to main page

25. Passage 2 Three Gorges Sweet Potato Crisp

26. Three Gorges Sweet Potato Crisp is refined from natural fresh sweet potatoes in high mountainous area of the Three Gorges region, together with high-grade fragrant glutinous rice, egg, refined plant oil, sesame, malt sugar, which uses Three Gorges folk technology. This product has rich nutrition, fragrant smell and crisp taste and gets melted very quickly when it enters to your mouth. It is unique in flavor and ancient, simple and exquisite in packing with notable region characteristic.

27. It is most favourable to the old people and children and is liked by local people and tourists from home and abroad. Three Gorges Sweet Potato Crisp is your best choices to present it to your relatives or friends and your favorite leisure time food. It is designated product by Three Gorges International Tourism Festival of Yichang, China and chosen by Three Gorges Airport for aerial food. Though it is sealed, never keep it in high temperature or in damp places from sunlight. If you open the packing, have it forthwith, please.

28. New Words: mountainous a .多山的, 山一般的 notable a 显著的, 著名的 nutrition n. 营养, 营养学 refine vt. 精制,精炼 region n. 区域, 地方 seal vt. 密封 sesame n. 芝麻 forthwith ad 立刻, 不犹豫地 aerial a .航空的,空气的 characteristic n. 特性, 特征 damp a .潮湿的 designated a 指定的, 派定的 exquisite a 优美的, 高雅的 glutinous a 粘性的 leisure n. 空闲, 闲暇 mal n. 麦芽

29. Exercises: I.Answer the questions: 1.What is Three Gorges Sweet Potato Crisp made from? 2.What is the characteristic of the product ? 3.Is it only for children ? 4.What is it chosen for? 5.Where does it avoid putting ? II. Mutiple choices: 1.Three Gorges Sweet Potato Crisp is refined from natural fresh sweet ______. A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. an potato key

30. 2. It gets melted very ______when it enters to your mouth. A. quick B. quickly C. more quick D. quicker 3. It is most favorable to the old people and children A. the old and the young B. old and young C. the old and young D. old and the young 4. If you open the packing, eat it forthwith, please. A. quick B. at once C. prompt D. immediate 5. Three Gorges Sweet Potato Crisp is your best choices to present it to your relatives or friends A. buy B. give C. make D. cook key

31. Translation: 三 峡 苕 稣 三峡苕稣采用三峡地区高山天然鲜红薯,辅以优质香糯米,鸡蛋,精炼植物油,芝麻,麦芽糖等,用三峡名间工艺精制而成。 该产品营养丰富，薯香味浓，口感酥脆，入口即化,风味独特,包装古朴精美，地域特色显著,老少皆宜，深受本地市民和来三峡旅游的中外游客的青睐。是首选的休闲食品及馈赠亲友的上乘礼品。它已被中国·宜昌三峡国际旅游节认定为指定产品，被三峡机场选定为航空食品。 封闭保存，避免放在高温潮湿或阳光直射的地方，开封后请即时使用。 back to main page

32. Passage 3 Oranges

33. Yichang has a long history of orange cultivation, as long as 2000 years, when the famous poet Quyuan wrote a long poem about the oranges, Ode to Oranges. Thanks to its good climate, it supplies an excellent environment for orange growing. There are many excellent varieties of oranges which are highly productive in this area and so easy to peel that nearly everyone likes them . The Navel Orange is big and seedless. And the peel is thin and colorful and flesh is juicy and crispy with fragrance. Yichang Honey Tangerine which has thin and smooth peel is in reddish-orange color. The flesh is tender and juicy with adequate flavor.

34. Peach-leaf Orange (so named because of its shape resembling a peach leaf, having a ring-like mark on top, and rich in sugar content) which has smooth peel, reddish-orange color is thin and easy to be removed. It has gained Excellent Product awards from the Department of Agriculture many times and the Gold Award and National Famous-Brand Product from the Agriculture Exposition. Summer Orange, oval in shape, is harvested early in summer when no other varieties are available. You can also see Summer Oranges and orange flowers at the same time in an orange tree.

35. Goose-egg Orange (so named because of its shape resembling a goose egg) which is rich in citric acid is slightly sour and bigger and likely to stay fresh longer. By introducing and transforming the original species, large numbers of new varieties such as Changhong, Niuheer and other brands have been produced. Citrus has been widely favoured.. Shaddock has very large fruit with thick rinds and coarse-grained pulp. Yichang is regarded as Hometown for Citrus. Its citrus products have been exported to many foreign countries such as America, Canada, Australia.

36. New Words: peel v. 剥, 削 productive a 能产的, 多产的 resemble vt. 象, 类似 seedless a 无核的 shaddock n .[植]柚子 tangerine n. 橘子 adequate a 适当的, 足够的 citrus n. 柑橘类的植物 coarse a 粗糙的, 粗鄙的 crispy a 易碎的 cultivation n. 培养, 教养, 耕作 exposition n. 博览会, 展览会 navel n. [解]脐, 肚脐, 中心点 ode n .颂诗, 赋 Oval a .卵形的,椭圆的 n. 卵形,椭圆形

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38. Exercises: I. Answer the questions: 1.What does Quyuan write about oranges ? 2.Does Yichang have a long history of orange cultivation ? 3.There are many excellent varieties of oranges in Yichang ,aren’t there ? 4.What do you think of Yichang Honey Tangerine ? 5.Why do we call it Goose-egg Orange ? key

39. Translation: 柑 桔 宜昌出产柑桔，历史悠久，屈原的《桔颂》，证明至少两千多年前，宜昌就已栽培柑桔。宜昌地理气候环境为柑桔的生长提供了良好的环境，且产量高，种类多,品质好, 皮易剥,受欢迎。 脐橙，个大无籽，皮薄多汁，芳香怡人。 宜昌蜜桔皮薄而平滑，呈红橙色。口味柔软，水分充裕。 桃叶橙(因为其树叶片形状像桃叶，橙顶部有一圆环，味道甜蜜)皮滑易剥呈红橙色。它多次获得过农业部的奖章,也在农业展览会上获得过全国知名农产品的金奖。 夏橙，形似椭圆，夏季成熟,花果同枝。时令水果。 鹅蛋柑（因为形似鹅蛋）含有丰富的柠檬酸，其味道酸甜，个大，保鲜时间长。 现在又通过引进和改造原产品等方式培育出大量的新品种，长虹、纽荷尔等品牌，柑桔已广泛获得市场青睐 。 柚子，非常大的果实，厚皮粗果肉。 宜昌被认为是柑橘的故乡，柑橘出口远销至包括美国，加拿大，澳大利亚在内的许多国家。 back to main page

40. Passage 4 Three Gorges Stones

41. Grotesque stones are thought to be silent poems and three-dimensional pictures. The unique stones of the Three Georges have become well-known because of the Three Georges---its beautiful scenery along Changjiang River and the Three Georges Project which is well-known all over the world. Changjiang River, originated from the hinterland of Tibet Plateau (its height is over 5000 meters above sea level), falls down from the snow-capped mountains, gathers hundreds of steams, goes through the Three Georges and finally comes to Yichang.

42. The drop in level of the water is more than 5000 meters, which creates advantageous conditions for the birth of the unique Three Georges stones. In the Three Georges areas, there are over 600 mountains of different height and more than 200 rivers within the 50,000 square kilometers. Varied Three Georges stones of different shape and weight, big or small, are held in store here. Some stones could be placed in courtyards as elegant garden stones, some could be put on office desks for people to enjoy, others are smaller than the little finger and people can play with them.

43. There are special records in the “ Stone Charts”, the first treatise about unique stones and it was written by Du Wan of Song Dynasty. The Three Georges stones refer to all kinds of interesting stones in Three Georges regions. There are varied kinds of the stones. All of them are noble, elegant and different in color, shape, decorative patterns and romantic charm. For example, the opals are smooth and moisten as wax ball and as beautiful as peacocks. The agate is gorgeous as colorful satin,glittering and translucent as crystal, resplendent as pearls. The golden agate is dazzling as gold and dense as silver combs.

44. The Tableau Stones of cobble are the most characteristic stones. Their main colors are black, white, yellow and red. There is gap between colors and together they form the unique pictures, like human beings, like fowls, like clouds and mountains. Some of them even have the natural charters of different styles on them. Nowadays, thousands of people are collecting the stones and they are engaged in the unique Three Georges stones, which make it a supporting industry in Yichang’s economic development. The Three Georges stones play an important role in the national characteristic stone market.

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47. New Words: advantageous a 有利的 agate n. 玛瑙 cobble n. 圆石, 鹅卵石 crystal a 结晶状的 n. 水晶, 水晶饰品, 结晶, 晶体 dazzling a. 眼花缭乱的, 耀眼的 decorative a 装饰的 dynasty n. 朝代, 王朝 dimensional a .空间的 elegant a .文雅的, 端庄的 fowl n. 家禽, 禽, 禽肉 glitter vi. 闪闪发光, 闪烁 gorgeous a .华丽的, 灿烂的 grotesque a 奇形怪状的,奇异hinterland n. 腹地,内地贸易区 opal n. 蛋白石, 猫眼石, 乳色玻璃 peacock n. 孔雀 v.炫耀 plateau n. 高地, 高原 resplendent a. 灿烂的,华丽的 satin n. 缎子, 假缎, 缎纹 tableau n. 生动的场面, 戏剧性局面 Tibet n. 西藏 translucent a. 半透明的, 透明的 treatise n. 论文, 论述 wax n .蜡,蜡状物

48. Exercises: I. Answer the questions: 1.What are Grotesque stones thought to be? 2.Why have the unique stones of the Three Georges become well-known? 3. Are there varied kinds of the stones? If yes, give some examples. key 4. What could Three Georges stones be used as? 5.What role do the Three Georges stones play in the national characteristic stone market? key

49. 三 峡 石 奇石,被誉为 “无声的诗,立体的画”,因三峡而闻名的三峡奇石,随着长江三峡自然风光,举世瞩目的三峡工程享有盛名,发源于海拔5000多米青藏高原腹地的长江,从雪山逶迤而下,挟通天河波涛,融汇千流百川,一路浩歌,穿越三峡到湖北宜昌,落差达5000多米,为孕育三峡奇石创造了有利条件。在三峡地区5万平方公里的区域内有高度不同的600多座山峰，200多条长度不等的河流，蕴藏了大小不一，形状各异，重量不等，品种繁多的三峡石，有的可作园林雅石，供于庭院，有的可供几案，让人欣赏，还有的小于拇指，可以把玩。我国第一部奇石专著，宋代杜绾的《云林石谱》中有专门记载。 Translation:

50. 三峡石是长江三峡地段各类趣石的总称，其种类繁多,在形态、色彩、纹理、神韵等方面颇有特色，景致高贵典雅。有蜡丸般圆润、如孔雀般美丽的蛋白石和石髓，有彩缎般艳丽、水晶般晶莹、珍珠般光灿的玛瑙，有黄金般耀眼、银梳般密致的黄金玛瑙……尤以卵石中的画面石最有特色，以黑、白、黄、红为主，间夹而生，形成奇特的纹理画面，像人，像飞禽走兽，像山川云彩，有的还有天然的文字，宋草篆隶，无体不备。 目前，参加收藏经营三峡奇石的有万人以上，形成宜昌经济发展中的一大支柱产业，三峡奇石在全国奇石市场中占有一席之地。 back to main page