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Goal 12 – Ford to W. Bush

Goal 12 – Ford to W. Bush. Vietnam Pulls troops out Roe v. Wade, 25 th Amendment (VP Successor) and 26 th Amendment (voting), OSHA (Occupational Safety and Hazard Act Economy Stagflation (affects Carter and Ford) Downhill/Very poor Mass paranoia Watergate, wiretapping, etc.

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Goal 12 – Ford to W. Bush

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  1. Goal 12 – Ford to W. Bush

  2. Vietnam • Pulls troops out • Roe v. Wade, 25th Amendment (VP Successor) and 26th Amendment (voting), OSHA (Occupational Safety and Hazard Act • Economy • Stagflation (affects Carter and Ford) • Downhill/Very poor • Mass paranoia • Watergate, wiretapping, etc. • Resigns in 1974 Nixon ReCap

  3. Yom Kippur War • Israel and Arab States fighting (Israel Palestinian Conflicts today) • US sides with Israel • Middle East holds grudge, places an embargo on the US. • OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) places embargo • Oil Prices soar, massive inflation, economy goes downhill Energy/Oil Crisis

  4. EPA • Three Mile Island • Earth Day • Endangered Species Act Environmentalism

  5. “Our long national nightmare is over”…but is it really? • Pardons Nixon for any possible crimes • Terrible recession • Main cause was gas prices • Embargo from Middle East (OPEC, 1973) • Helsinki Accords (1975) • Greater cooperation between E.European and W.European nations (ease Cold War tensions) • Ford’s Greatest Accomplishment Gerald Ford- “Whip Inflation Now!” (WIN)

  6. Gerald Ford (R) vs. Jimmy Carter (D) • Carter welcomes the role of Religion in life and questions affirmative government • Carter defeats Ford 297 to 240 • 51% of the popular vote Election of 1976

  7. “I will never tell a lie to the people” • Energy crisis (lack of fuel) continues • National Energy Act (Taxes on Cars and funding alternative energy-eases oil crisis) • Pardoned 10,000 draft evaders during Vietnam era (Amnesty) • 2nd fuel shortage in 1979 exacerbated the nation’s energy woes. • Spurred by the Iranian Revolution and demise of the Shah. Carter’s Presidency

  8. Gave up Panama Canal • Better relations with Latin America • SALT II • Fails due to USSR’s invasion of Afghanistan • Boycotted 1980 Olympics • US Hockey Team defeats Russia (Miracle) • Relations with Russia dwindle yet again • Had been at a high with Nixon and Ford Foreign Policy

  9. Camp David Peace Accords • Conflict Between Israel and Egypt Still • Carter invited President Anwar Sadat of Egypt and Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel to a summit conference at Camp David. • After 13 days, Carter persuaded them to sign an accord that seemed to place the two countries on a solid road toward peace. • Palestinian Liberation Front (PLO) led by Yasser Arafat would use terrorism to protest the existence of Israel. • Sadat eventually assassinated by Muslim extremists. Foreign Policy Continued

  10. The Iranian Revolution • the Shah of Iran forced to flee the country, comes to the US • Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, a religious leader, became Iran’s leader • Revolutionaries called the U.S. "the Great Satan" for its support of money and arms to the Shah of Iran. Iran Hostage Crisis

  11. 400 Iranians break into the US embassy and hold 52 Americans hostage • 444 Days until Hostages are released • Ultimately leads him to lose 1980 election • Hostages are released after Reagan takes office • Ronald Reagan Elected President in 1980 Iran Hostage Crisis Continued

  12. Conservatives Emerge • Lasts through presidencies of Reagan & Bush Sr. • Known as “New Right” • Speak out about liberal nature or America • Movement centers around Moral Majority • Anti abortion, against affirmative action, court ordered busing etc. Conservative Era

  13. Pushes for less gov’t, lower taxes, traditional values • “Reaganomics” • Budget cuts- huge cuts on services for poor & needy; no cuts for middle class • Tax cuts- supply side economics • Strategic Defense Initiative (known as Star Wars) – missile defense system • National debt soars • Conservative Court • Puts 4 judges on supreme court • William Rehnquist as Chief Justice • Sandra Day O’Connor - 1st female Supreme Court justice Reagan

  14. AIDS • Began in 1960s (probably in Africa) • Spread through gay community and drug users • Also thru blood transfusions • Awareness and prevention during 1980s • Abortion • Webster v. Reproductive Healthcare Services, 1989 • Gave states rights to restrict abortions • Drug Abuse • New forms – cocaine, crack, heroine, etc. • “War on Drugs” – “Just Say No” Social Concerns

  15. End of Cold War • Mikhail Gorbachev takes over as leader of Soviet Union in 1985 • Instituted glastnost (open criticism of Soviet gov’t) and perestroika (less gov’t control of economy) • Better relations w/ US = less $ spent on defense • Soviets reduce number of Soviet troops in E.Europe • Satellite nations begin moving towards democracy • E.Germany tears down Berlin Wall in 1989; Germany re-united in 1990 • Gorbachev resigns in 1991; Soviet Union dissolves • George Bush & Boris Yelstin announce end of Cold War in 1992 • China • Remains communists • Tiananmen Square – student protests for democracy crushed by military Foreign Policy

  16. Iran-Contra Scandal • US stops weapons sales to Iran in 1983 b/c of terrorist actions • US begins secret sale of weapons in 1986 • American hostages released in exchange • Money from weapons used to fund Contra rebels in Nicaragua • Lt.Col. Oliver North takes fall; pays fine and has community service • Persian Gulf War (George H.W. Bush) • Saddam Hussein invaded oil-rich Kuwait • Needs money to pay for war against Iran • US attacks Iraq in Jan.1991 and liberates Kuwait by Feb,1991 • US implements embargo against Iraq • Causes many civilians to die during 1990s

  17. Bill Clinton • Wins election of 1992, due mainly to economic troubles under Bush Sr.(Recession) • Clinton advocated a moderate platform • Balanced the budget; Economy boomed • Reformed welfare • North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)- free trade between US, Canada, & Mexico • Republicans gained control of Congress • Clinton impeached for perjury & obstruction of justice • Centered around affair w/ intern Monica Lewinsky • Not removed from office • Sent troops to Yugoslovia/Bosnia in 1999 as part of a UN mission Bill Clinton and George W. Bush

  18. George W. Bush • Bush win disputed election of 2000 • Main conflict was in Florida (300 vote difference) • Gore wins popular vote; Bush wins electoral vote • Terrorist Attacks Sept.11, 2001 • World Trade Center (NY), Pentagon (DC), Pennsylvania • 3000+ killed • Patriot Act • War on Terror • Invasion of Afghanistan (Taliban & Al Quaeda) • (ESEA) No Child Left Behind • States required to develop assessments in basic skills to be given to all students in certain grades, if those states are to receive federal funding for schools

  19. 27th Amendment- Congressional Pay • Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) • Prohibits discrimination against the disabled • Title IX- equal opportunity for women (sports) • Texas v. Johnson, 1989- Flag burning • Bill Gates & Microsoft • NASDAQ- the largest electronic screen-based equity securities trading market in the United States • Challenger disaster Additional Concepts to Know

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