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STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL PRE-DECISIONAL DELIBERATION INFORMATION

Pharmacy Benefits Management Services. Antimicrobial Stewardship: Role of IT Solutions. Melinda Neuhauser, PharmD , MPH Richard Pham, Pharm D. STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL PRE-DECISIONAL DELIBERATION INFORMATION. 1. Objectives.

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STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL PRE-DECISIONAL DELIBERATION INFORMATION

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  1. Pharmacy Benefits Management Services Antimicrobial Stewardship: Role of IT Solutions Melinda Neuhauser, PharmD, MPH Richard Pham, PharmD STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL PRE-DECISIONAL DELIBERATION INFORMATION STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL PRE-DECISIONAL DELIBERATION INFORMATION 1

  2. Objectives 1) Describe the importance of antimicrobial stewardship in this era of multi-drug resistant pathogens. 2) Identify key data elements for building tools and reports for antimicrobial stewardship programs. 3) Demonstrate a query approach for creating an antimicrobial usage metric report.

  3. What is ABX Stewardship? • Definition: Optimal selection, dosage, and duration of antimicrobial treatment that results in the best clinical outcome for the treatment or prevention of infection, with minimal toxicity to the patient and minimal impact on subsequent resistance • A multi-faceted approach to influence antimicrobial prescribing, institution-wide to improve outcomes, prevent resistance and minimize excessive costs IDSA Guidelines. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44:159

  4. Why do I care? The antibiotic pipeline is nearly dry Adapted from Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52:S397-S428

  5. Why do I care? http://www.idsociety.org/10x20.htm

  6. Bad Bugs, No Drugs: No ESKAPE! Enterococcus faecium Staphylococcus aureus Klebsiella pneumoniae Acinetobacter baumanii Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enterobacter species L. Rice, JID 2008;197:1079–1081

  7. How did we get here? • 50% of use in hospitals is inappropriate • Antibiotic misuse adversely impacts patients • Antibiotic exposure is the single most important risk factor for the development of Clostridium difficile associated disease (CDAD). • Getting an antibiotic increases a patient’s chance of becoming colonized or infected with a resistant organism. http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/healthcare/

  8. Improving antibiotic use is a public health imperative • Using antibiotics properly is analogous to developing and maintaining good roads • Bringing new antibiotics into our current environment is akin to buying a new car because you hit a pot hole, but doing nothing to fix the road. • Fixing the “antibiotic use road” is part of the mission of public health.

  9. SNAPSHOT OF VA ABX Stewardship Programs • Many of the facilities have active stewardship programs • Most do not have an electronic tool to aid them in stewardship activities • Field requests…. • Reports for positive microbiology results • Drug-bug mismatch • Antimicrobial usage measurements

  10. VA National Antimicrobial Stewardship Taskforce Purpose: • Optimize the care of Veterans by developing, deploying and monitoring a national-level strategic plan for improvements in antimicrobial therapy management • Co-Chairs: • Infectious Diseases Program Office and PBM • Members: • Broad multi-disciplinary representation

  11. Committee Objectives • Most important for this audience…. • Develop a coordinated plan to leverage clinical information tools that support patient care and performance measurement

  12. IDSA Guidelines. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44:159

  13. Draft Subcommittees • Survey • Antimicrobial Tools and Resources • Creation of SharePoint for Best Practices • Metrics • Implementation

  14. Stewardship Activities • Formulary restriction and preauthorization • Prospective audit with intervention and feedback • Supplemental activities • Guidelines and clinical pathways • Streamlining or de-escalation of therapy • Dose optimization • Conversion from parenteral to oral therapy • Education IDSA Guidelines. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44:159

  15. Tools for Interventions

  16. Tools for Interventions

  17. Tools for Managing Program

  18. Proposed Antibiotic Use Metrics • The first metrics proposed by Antibiotic Stewardship are in the lines of information gathering • Antibiotic Use (AU) • Antibiotic Resistance (AR)

  19. Problem – We Have Little Idea of What Data Are Available • We do not know what our usage is! • We have no minimum dataset • Our data is a mess • I’m going to show you WHAT kind a mess this is… STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL PRE-DECISIONAL DELIBERATION INFORMATION

  20. Questions That We Always Need To Know To Make A Metric • What are we measuring? • Why are we measuring it? What outcome are we trying to prevent? • What group are we interested in measuring? • What characteristic in the group are we measuring? • How is this evaluated?

  21. Antimicrobial Use & Resistance (AUR) Option Antimicrobial Use Option Antimicrobial Resistance Option CDC Benchmarking Tools

  22. Antimicrobial Use Option

  23. Antimicrobial Usage Measurement Antimicrobial Days Days Present = Metric

  24. Example Data Elements in Report

  25. Example: Risk-adjusted (MICU) Benchmarking Output AU Metric: Antimicrobial days/1000 days present Data for Example Only

  26. Preliminary Numbers for Region I (VISN 19-22) – FY 2011 (Rounded to Nearest 1000)

  27. Defining A Population • We need the number of hospital days a facility has for exposure • We get this from the Patient Treatment File (45) • Why do we need exposure days? • Sample representation • Different types of unit exposure • What is an exposure unit? • This is hard to tell

  28. Talking About PTF STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL PRE-DECISIONAL DELIBERATION INFORMATION

  29. Talking About Inpatient Pharmacy • Dispense Files • Unit Dose (UD) • Intravenous (IV) • Administration File • BCMA STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL PRE-DECISIONAL DELIBERATION INFORMATION

  30. Lesson Learned – Do Not Use Dispense Files! • Incomplete • Automation • PRN dosing (UD) • IMO • Not necessarily administered STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL PRE-DECISIONAL DELIBERATION INFORMATION

  31. Ward Location STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL PRE-DECISIONAL DELIBERATION INFORMATION

  32. BCMA STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL PRE-DECISIONAL DELIBERATION INFORMATION

  33. BCMA - IV STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL PRE-DECISIONAL DELIBERATION INFORMATION

  34. BCMA – Dispensed Drug STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL PRE-DECISIONAL DELIBERATION INFORMATION

  35. Defining A Group • What constitutes an antibiotic day? • Any exposure to antibiotics during that time period • This is hard to calculate • Needs to be taken from BCMA • Not IV • Not UD • Not Billed

  36. Antimicrobial Days • Definition: Sum of the calendar days on which each antimicrobial was administered Schwartz D et al. SHEA Abstract #2466, Atlanta 2010.

  37. Preliminary Numbers for Regions I and II (VISN 19-22) – FY 2011 (Rounded to Nearest 1000)

  38. Problems That We Need Help • Untangling BCMA • Unable to Scan • Variance • Untangling Location • Census of locations • Working with local formularies STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL PRE-DECISIONAL DELIBERATION INFORMATION

  39. Problems With The Calculation • Hospital Location • No clear identifier what is an inpatient bed by NHSN criteria • Bed hopping • Patient Movement is nearly impossible to figure out a straight answer to where people are • Meaningfulness • Even if I know these numbers for antimicrobial use, what do I do about them?

  40. Days Present • Definition: Aggregate number of patients housed to a patient care location anytime throughout a day during a calendar month • Modification of “Patient Days” denominator utilized in other NHSN Modules

  41. Micro – The Next Domain STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL PRE-DECISIONAL DELIBERATION INFORMATION

  42. Does not assess appropriateness of use Tool for stewardship program Quality improvement efforts Aggregate reports of patient care locations and facility usage Application of Benchmarking Data

  43. Role of IT Solutions • Short-term goals include locally created • Fileman Reports • Electronic Templates for CPRS • Potential long-term solutions may include • National Reports available via CDW • Infection Control Surveillance Vendors • Validation critical before national roll-out!

  44. Conclusions • IT solutions are essential for antimicrobial stewardship programs to promote the appropriate and safe use of antimicrobials • Please contact me directly for • Volunteering in subcommittee • Sharing data tools or ideas! melinda.neuhauser@va.gov

  45. Questions? The views expressed in this presentation reflect those of the author, and not necessarily those of the Department of Veterans Affairs or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL PRE-DECISIONAL DELIBERATION INFORMATION STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL PRE-DECISIONAL DELIBERATION INFORMATION 47

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