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Education indicators in the HDI: Expected years of schooling and mean years of schooling

Education indicators in the HDI: Expected years of schooling and mean years of schooling. Friedrich Huebler UNESCO Institute for Statistics Workshop on Measuring Human Development Eschborn, 14 June 2013. Indicator 1: School life expectancy.

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Education indicators in the HDI: Expected years of schooling and mean years of schooling

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  1. Education indicators in the HDI:Expected years of schooling andmean years of schooling Friedrich Huebler UNESCO Institute for Statistics Workshop on Measuring Human Development Eschborn, 14 June 2013

  2. Indicator 1: School life expectancy • SLE is the UIS term for expected years of schooling • Definition: SLE = number of years a child of school entrance age can expect to spend in a given level of education • Example: SLE for primary to secondary education • 4 grades of primary, 8 grades of secondary education • All children complete secondary education • All children repeat one grade • SLE for primary to secondary education = 13 years Slide 1 of 10

  3. Calculation of SLE SLE = sum of age specific enrolment rates for a given level of education Slide 2 of 10

  4. SLE for primary to tertiary education, 2008-2012 SLE ISCED 1-6: Min. 4.6 years Mean 13.2 years Max. 19.7 years Source: UIS database, June 2013. Latest available data for 139 countries. Slide 3 of 10

  5. Interpretation of SLE: Factors to consider • Treatment of pre-primary education • UIS excludes enrolment in ISCED 0 • Starting age for calculation of SLE • UIS considers enrolment of all ages (0 years and older) • Small effect: small enrolment divided by large population • Repetition • High number of repeaters means more years spent in school • Alternative: SLE net of repetition • Adult education • Included in calculation of SLE for some countries until 2003 • Full-time equivalent • No distinction between part-time and full-time education • Enrolment and population from different sources of data • Changes in education systems over time Slide 4 of 10

  6. Calculation of SLE net of repetition Note: SLEN can only be calculated for ISCED levels 1 to 3. No data on repeaters for higher levels. Slide 5 of 10

  7. SLE and SLE net of repetition, ISCED 1-3, 2008-2012 Difference SLE – SLEN: Min. 0 years Mean 0.49 years Max. 4.03 years Source: UIS database, June 2013. Latest available data for 124 countries. Slide 6 of 10

  8. Indicator 2: Mean years of schooling Definition: average number of completed years of education of a population (HDI: 25 years and older) Indicator not yet produced by UIS Goal: first UIS MYS database by October 2013, in collaboration with HDRO UIS has data on educational attainment for years since 1946 Annual UIS survey on educational attainment: Highest level of education completed for population 10 years and older Slide 7 of 10

  9. Calculation of MYS • Similar approach as Barro and Lee (1993, 2010) • Example: • 4 grades of primary, 8 grades of secondary education • 50% completed primary education • 50% completed secondary education • MYS = 0.5×4 + 0.5×(4+8) = 2 + 6 = 8 years Slide 8 of 10

  10. Challenges • Limited data coverage • Example: Sub-Saharan Africa: no data for 28 of 45 countries • Combination of levels of attainment • Example: Austria: 25% completed lower secondary (includes no schooling, incomplete primary, completed primary) • Limited data on incomplete levels of education • No data on percentage of population that started but did not complete ISCED levels 2 to 6 • No data on years completed of incomplete levels of education • Limited data on years spent in tertiary education • Changes in education systems over time • Foreign qualifications not always captured Slide 9 of 10

  11. MYS: Next steps for UIS • Collection and analysis of educational attainment data • Review existing database • Collect and analyse data from additional sources, including household surveys • Revise UIS questionnaire on educational attainment to reflect changes in ISCED 2011, ask for data on MYS • Methodology • Test UIS model for MYS calculation, interpolation, projection • Document UIS methodology • Convene expert group to review and validate methodology • Dissemination • Disseminate first set of UIS MYS estimates by October 2013 • Expand UIS database • Establish country review of MYS data Slide 10 of 10

  12. Contact information Friedrich Huebler Programme Specialist Education Indicators and Data Analysis UNESCO Institute for Statistics f.huebler@unesco.org www.uis.unesco.org

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