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Explore the classification of stereo systems and virtual environments, including display technologies, field sequential and time parallel techniques, head-mounted displays, large format displays, and volumetric devices.
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Stereo Systems Cristina Amati, Mudhi Al Jamea Virtual Environments 22.10.2008
Introduction • Stereopsis • process in visual perception leading to the impression of depth • Classification of Stereo Systems: • Stereo pairs – virtual image • Holographic – solid image • Volumetric or multiplanar – solid image
Display technologies • Left and Right eye images can be diplayed: • simultaneously • time parallel • no cross talk • needs special equipment to separate L/R views • in sequence • field sequential or time multiplexed • suffers from crosstalk • require passive or active viewing devices
Display Technologies • Cross -Talk • occurs when a portion of one eye's view is visible to the other eye • due to persistance of phosphors on CRT – afterglow • LCDs incapability of blocking light • ghosting – the image may appear blurred or doubled
Field Sequential Techniques • Viewing stereo on a single display • Left and Right eye views alternate • Blocking and shuttering devices needed • passive • othogonal polarizing of light • larger field of view • poor transmission • active • don't polarize light • higher efficiency • need synchronizing
Time Parallel Techniques • Present both eye views simultaneously • Use optical devices to present the eye with the appropriate view • Examples: • Anaglyph method • red and green glasses • poor registration of L/R images causes vertical parallax • ViewMaster • HMD • Autostereoscopic – free viewing
3D Devices • StereoGraphics Systems • CrystalEyes 3 • liquid crystal active shutters • field sequential • high definition stereoscopic images for theatres, immersive environments
3D Devices • StereoGraphics Systems • Zscreen • enables stereoscopic viewing on a CRT monitor • viewing complicated 3D CG models • field sequential • polarized passive eyewear required
Head Mounted Displays • time parallel • limited field of view • low resolution • tracking lag • motion sickness
Head Mounted Displays • Fakespace Labs • fully immersive • tracker independent • portable • replicates human visual acuity – peripheral vision
Head Mounted Displays • Arcane Technologies Mirage • augmented reality • 2 cameras in front of the eyes • real-time processing
Large Format Displays • IMAX 3D • field sequential • 2 camera lenses • interocular distance of 64mm • projected at 24 fps • peripheral vision • polarization • LCD shutter glasses (96 fps)
Large Format Displays • IMAX 3D
Large Format Displays • Starcave • field sequential • pentagon shape • 15 rear projected wall screens • 2 down projected floor screens • polarized glasses
Large Format Displays • Elumens Vision Dome • field sequential • hemispherical display • single projector • fisheye lens • 180 degrees FOV • infinite depth • off-axis projection
Volumetric Devices • Holografika – Holovizio • Produce a solid image • Multiplanar display • No viewing devices needed • Supports look around • No tracking devices • Can be used simultaneously by more viewers
Volumetric Devices • Holovizio
Volumetric Devices • Holovizio
Exotic display • Actuality Systems Perspecta Volumetric 3D display • image floating inside dome • look around from any angle • high resolution
Exotic display • Actuality Systems Perspecta Volumetric 3D display
Exotic Displays • Actuality Systems Perspecta Volumetric 3D display
Virtual Retinal Display • projects a modulated beam of light directly onto the retina • stereo view • wide FOV – 120 degrees • full colour • high resolution • brightness sufficient for outdoor • low power consumption
Virtual Retinal Display • functioning: