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The French Revolution II

The French Revolution II. French Nationalism and The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. Constitution of 1795 Phase 3 -The Directory. 3 rd constitution Moved away from radical ideas 5 man directory 2 house legislature Suffrage for male property owners

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The French Revolution II

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  1. The French Revolution II French Nationalism and The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte

  2. Constitution of 1795Phase 3 -The Directory • 3rd constitution • Moved away from radical ideas • 5 man directory 2 house legislature • Suffrage for male property owners • Emigres return and government starts having problems again

  3. Problems arise • Directory faced growing discontent • Peace made with Spain and Prussia • Rising bread prices caused riots • Revival of royalist feelings

  4. People Return, conflict again • Émigrés return • Royalists return • These people again fight for power in gov’t. • These and more food shortages threaten France again

  5. Nationalism • Strong feeling of love for ones country over another • Arises From years of war and hardship • France became a country in arms • Very Militaristic

  6. Napoleon Bonaparte • Politicians turned to Napoleon Bonaparte as chaos threatened the Directory • Military Hero, great general • Supported Revolution • “Better to eat than be eaten” • Was to be used by Politicians to meet their goals in gov. • Outwitted them all and became ruler

  7. Napoleon Bonaparte • In 1799 moved from general to politician • Overthrew Directory and made the Consulate (three man Board of which Napoleon was #1) • Crowns himself emperor (1804) • Invites pope to crown him (Takes crown from pope’s hand and places it on his head himself) • Each step of his rise to power he was supported by the French people in a vote(plebiscite) –why?

  8. Emperor Napoleon Believed in: • Supporting the winning side • A strong, stable central gov’t • “If you wish to be a success in the world, promise everything, deliver nothing”

  9. “Reforming” France –Napoleon’s Policies • Strengthened central gov’t • Order, Security, and Efficiencyreplaced Equality, Liberty, and Fraternity • Social Ideas of the Rev’n??….gone • Built roads and canals • Encouraged Industry • Controlled Prices of goods • Public schools under gov. control

  10. “Reforming France” -Napoleons Policies • Made peace with Catholic church(concordant of 1891) • Encouraged emigres to return as long as they took an oath of loyalty • Recognized peasants rights to land

  11. Napoleonic Code(throughout his conquered lands) • Equality of all citizens • Religious Toleration • Abolition of feudalism • Took away women's rights gained during revolution • Men had complete control over their wives • Valued authority over individual rights

  12. Napoleon’s Conquests • Conquers much of Europe, placed friends and family in power • Success in war raised ideas of Nationalism in France. • Annexed or incorporated many countries lands into his empire (Germany,Poland, Italy, Spain, etc.)

  13. Napoleon vs. Britain • Napoleon tried to hurt G.B. through Continental System • Mostly naval battles • British Attacks on American ships triggered War of 1812 • French were unsuccessful

  14. Conquests begin to Rebel • People in conquered lands began to dislike Napoleons policies • French culture forced upon conquered • Revolts in Spain • Guerrilla warfare to battle French Army..successful • Other countries begin to rebel against Napoleons rule

  15. Disaster in Russia • Napoleon assembles grand army(20 nations) • Napoleon invades • Russia retreats and burns everything as they go (scorched earth policy) • Russian winter destroys French Army • 560,000 out of 600,000 died • Battle of Waterloo-N.B. crushed

  16. Napoleon Exiled • Napoleon sent to island of Elba • Louis the XVII back in power • People fear return to old ways • Napoleon comes back with support of the people • Louis flees France • Battle of Waterloo Napoleon is finally crushed.

  17. Congress of Vienna • Leaders from Europe met • To Restore peace & stability to Europe • Protect Monarchy • Put Louis XVII back on throne • Quadruple Alliance (Britain, Austria, Russia, Prussia) promised to protect each other from uprisings.

  18. The Impact of Napoleon • Spread ideas of Nationalism across Europe • Facilitated American Expansion • Recreated European map • Little-man complex

  19. Test Essays • Compare and Contrast the American and French Revolutions. Also explain how the Enlightenment influenced both events. (6 points)

  20. Test Essays • Napoleon Bonaparte claimed he was “The Revolution on Horseback,” but many claimed he was “The Corsican Crocodile.” Explain how can each of these statements be true. Which one do you agree more with and why? (6 points)

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