Cultural Patterns and Processes: Exploring Human Identity and Environmental Impact

1. Cultural Patterns and Processes Unit 3

2. Cultural Geography • Study of • Lifestyle • Creations • Relationship • Earth, supernatural, and each other

3. Cultural Geography • What is important? • What is created • What places are emphasized • What is cared for / care about • Understand • Different places = Different beliefs

4. Culture • Two subcategories • Material • Nonmaterial

5. Material • Tangible Artifacts • Clothing • Architecture • Money

6. Non Material • Thoughts and Ideas • Religion • Morals • Philosophies • Language • Economies • Government

7. Pop vs Folk Culture • Modern Culture vs Traditional Culture • Pop Culture • Western (American / European) • Carried by new Medias and technologies • Creates a homogenous cultural landscape • Changes little over space but greatly over time

8. Pop vs Folk Culture • Folk Culture • Traditional Cultures • Spread by relocation diffusion / word of mouth • Creates heterogeneous landscapes • Varies greatly across space but little over time • Greatly impacted by the environment

9. Cultural Patterns and Processes Unit 3

10. Cultural Patterns and Processes Unit 3

11. Cultural Landscape • Carl Sauer • People will always leave an impact on their environment

12. Sequent Occupance • Different people inhabit the same space • Leave different marks

13. How Does Environment Effect Development? • Environmental Determinism • Possibilism • Cultural Determinism

14. Environmental Determinism • Environment determines behavior • People cannot overcome environmental barriers • Development is limited by environment

15. Possibilism • Counter to Environmental Determinism • People make decisions • Limited by environment • Decisions made within parameters

16. Cultural Determinism • No restraints • Except what humans place on themselves • Based on cultural restraints • Humans shape their environment • Lack of desire

17. Cultural Determinism • Technology • Necessary

18. Parts of Culture • Cultural Trait • Single Attribute • Put several traits together • Creates Cultural Complex

19. Parts of Culture • Cultural System • Several cultural complexes • Share cultural traits

20. Cultural Hearths • Beginnings / Origins • Inventions / Innovations • Similar innovations across the globe

21. Cultural Hearths • Andean America • Mesoamerica • West Africa • Nile River Valley • Mesopotamia • Indus River Valley • Ganges River Valley • Wei and Huang He Rivers

23. Cultural Regions / Realms • Culture identified by their regions • Regions with similar cultures • Regional Identity • Attachment is created

24. Cultural Regions • Creates perceptual regions • Based on attachment

25. Cultural Realm • Geographic Realm • Cultural Regions • Grouped together • 10 (or 12…) • Anglo-American, Latin American, European • Islamic (N Africa / SW Asia), Sub Saharan Africa • Slavic (E Europe, Russia), Sino- Japanese • SE Asian, Indic, Austral-European, Insular Oceanic

26. Cultural Diffusion • Spread of culture • Space and time

27. Cultural Diffusion • Expansion and Relocation • Expansion • Stimulus • Contagious • Hierarchical

28. Cultural Diffusion • Expansion • Spreads and remains strong • Stimulus • Idea spreads • Adapted

29. Cultural Diffusion • Contagious • People near the node / center • Hierarchical • Ideas, information, cultural traits • Starts with person of importance • Spreads with importance

30. Cultural Diffusion • Relocation • Involves actual movement . • From hearth to new place

31. Cultural Diffusion • Migrant Diffusion • Relocation Diffusion • Moves, and disappears

32. Diffusion of New England House Types Fig. 4-10: Four main New England house types of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries diffused westward as settlers migrated.

33. Cultural Patterns and Processes Unit 3

34. Cultural Patterns and Processes Unit 3

35. Cultural Diffusion • Two or more cultures • One may adopt the other • Cultural Convergence • One will dominate • Weaker adopts stronger • Acculturation

36. Cultural Diffusion • Acculturation • Assimilation • Weaker traits are erased and replaced

37. English Speaking Countries Fig. 5-1: English is the official language in 42 countries, including some in which it is not the most widely spoken language. It is also used and understood in many others.

38. Cultural Diffusion • Transculturation • Two cultures meet • Neither dominates • Side by side • Exchange characteristics • Neither assimilation nor acculturation

39. Cultural Diffusion • S Curves • In the beginning • Innovators, adapters • More begin to pick up • Even more / faster • Majority adapters • Last Stage • Flattens out • No more adopters • Late Adapters / laggards

40. Cultural Diffusion • S Curve • Will never reach 100%

42. Cultural Patterns and Processes Unit 3

43. Cultural Patterns and Processes Unit 3

44. Cultural Identities and Landscapes • Language and Religion • Common to everyone • Language • Evolving / Developing

47. Language • Language Divergence • Forms of the original • As new experience occur

48. Indo-European Language Family Fig. 5-5: The main branches of the Indo-European language family include Germanic, Romance, Balto-Slavic, and Indo-Iranian.

49. Germanic Branch of Indo-European Fig. 5-6: The Germanic branch today is divided into North and West Germanic groups. English is in the West Germanic group.

50. Romance Branch of Indo-European Fig. 5-8: The Romance branch includes three of the world’s 12 most widely spoken languages (Spanish, French, and Portuguese), as well as a number of smaller languages and dialects.