Ch 30 – Imperialism in Africa

1. Ch 30 – Imperialism in Africa

2. What do you think of when you hear “Imperialism”? • Write down the first words that come to you…

3. IMPERIALISM “The creation and maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an EMPIRE, based on domination and subordination.“ A powerful country controlling someone else’s territory for profit by using force.

4. Europe Meets Africa • First: trade relationship • Explorers and missionaries come next • Finally, “Scramble” for Africa – Conquest of continent

5. Europe Meets Africa 1440s / Portuguese Set up fort on Gold Coast Bring first slaves to Portugal 1510 / Spanish Ship slaves to South America Start of Trans-Atlantic slave trade

6. Europe Meets Africa 1652 / Dutch Settle in South Africa, Cape Colony 1799 / British Set up missionaries in South Africa 1807 / British Ban slave trade, other continue Take over Dutch territories in South Africa

7. Powerful African States Early 1800s • Sokoto • Islamic, used Jihad to combine smaller kingdoms • West Africa • Important center of learning • Zulu • Leader, Shaka • By 1819, ruled most of Southeast Africa • All young men joined military, very proud • Age Grades – military units based on age

8. Black Colonies Sierra Leone – 1787 • Set up for free blacks from N. America & Britain Liberia – 1822 • Set up for freed American Slaves • State founded for free blacks to return to Africa from the US and Britain • Supported by President James Monroe

9. 1800s • Interior Exploration starts • The “Dark Continent” – Europeans intrigued • IN SEARCH OF – • Scientific/Geographic knowledge • Fame/Celebrity • Conversion to Christianity

10. Early 1800s 1840s Dr. David Livingstone, Scottish medical missionary Named Victoria Falls Rumored dead

11. 1871 Henry Morton Stanley expedition to “find Livingstone” “Dr. Livingstone, I presume” when he successfully tracks him down 1884 Berlin Conference 12 European nations divide up Africa

12. Scramble for Africa 1890s Cecil Rhodes founds Rhodesia Zambia/Zimbabwe today By 1914 All of Africa except for Liberia and ETHIOPIA ruled by European power France controlled the most LAND Britain controlled the most PEOPLE Belgium controlled the CONGO R area

13. Livingstone & Stanley Expeditions

14. Partition

15. People • Mohammed Ali • Ottoman Empire • Founder of “Modern Egypt”

16. People • Henry Morton Stanley • Born in Wales • Journalist in America • “Explorer” • Legacy of destruction of Congo • Worked for Leo II

17. People • King Leopold II • Belgium • Founder/OWNER of Congo Free State • Brutal control • Cousin to Queen Victoria of UK

18. People • Cecil Rhodes • Businessman • Politician • Diamond Miner • Founder of De Beers diamonds • Founded RHODESIA – now Zambia & Zimbabwe, Malawi • Rhodes Scholarship

19. People SamoriToure • Held out against the French • 20 years • West Africa

20. TERMS • BOERS • Dutch word for “farmer” • Descendents of Dutch in South Africa • AFRIKANERS • Descendents of Dutch, German, French in South Africa • AFRIKAANS • “Cape Dutch” Language • BOER REPUBLICS: • Orange Free State • Transvaal Republic

21. Funny Slide….

22. TERMS • PATERNALISM • Attitude towards African people • Europeans thought they couldn’t / shouldn’t be in charge of their own lands/resources • Discrimination • Systematic inequality

23. Effects of European Involvement CAUSE Increased interest in Africa fueled by explorer’s accounts Investors search for new markets, raw materials, resources Mission stations spread Christianity European rivalry for overseas colonies EFFECT Establishment of colonial govt’s Replaced African leaders w/ Euro administrators Euro dominates African economies Some advances in health, education, transportation Partition of Africa 1884 - 1914