The Age of Imperialism 1850-1914

1. The Age of Imperialism 1850-1914 Standard 10.4.1 describe the rise of industrial economies and their link to imperialism and colonialism Standard 10.4.3 explain imperialism from the perspective of the colonizers and the colonized

2. Imperialism in Africa Mini-Q • What was the driving force behind European Imperialism in Africa? Re-state the question in your own words

3. Overview 1.Between 1500 and 1800, Europe traded for • Slaves • Gold • And Ivory along west coast of Africa. 2. Not until 1800’s did European explorers pushed into the interior of Africa 3. By 1880’s European nations were competing against each other to control Africa.

4. Do Now: “What was the driving force behind European Imperialism in Africa?” ALWAYSSOMETIMES NEVER JUSTIFIED JUSTIFIED JUSTIFIED • Scenario #1 • Religious/Moral Duty: The colonized country has a poor, uneducated population that needs roads, schools, hospitals • Scenario #2 • Energy/Economic: The colonized country has oil reserves that have not been utilized

5. Do Now: Is it ever Justified for a strong nation to take control of another country? • Scenario #3 • Political/National Security: The colonized country has ports for navy to refuel and an airport. It is also located very close to enemy nations. • Scenario #4 • Religious/Political Freedom: The colonized country is run by a dictator who doesn’t allow freedom of religion or speech

6. Background Essay: Vocabulary • malaria: disease caused by parasites caused by mosquitos • trans-Atlantic slave trade: transportation of slaves from western and central Africa to the Americas. • imperialism: the policy or practice of taking control of another country • Forced labor: work performed by laborers against their will • rule of occupation: the idea that a colonizing country must actually have roads, soldiers, and a working government in a country before it is considered their colony • free-trade: tax-free and restriction-free exchange of goods between nations

7. Background Essay • 1. why didn’t Europe enter the interior of Africa? • Diseases • Geography • armies

8. Background Essay • What is the difference between ending the slave trade and ending slavery? • Ending slave trade- stopping the shipment of slaves across Atlantic Ocean (1807) • Ending slavery- not allowed to own another person (1865)

9. Background Essay • The connection between Mungo Park and imperialism? - He explored Niger River and exploration led to imperialism.

10. Background Essay • What % of Africa was colonized by 1870? 10%

11. The Scramble • What explains the poor standing of Leopold II among historians? - Brutal treatment of people in Congo Free State

12. The Scramble • When was the Berlin Conference and what did it do? • 1884-1885 • Divided up Africa

13. The Scramble • What place did Africans have at Berlin Conference? NONE!!!!!

14. Document APartition of Africa 1884-85 • Source - ??? • Date - ???? • Berlin Conference has 14 European nations/ 0 African • Liberia and Ethiopia only 2 African countries to remain independent. Why? How? • Liberia- founded by former American slaves • Ethiopia- Emperor Menelik II defeats Italians

15. Document B • Source: J. Ruskin • Date: 1870 speech at Oxford University • Nationalism – a nation is not just a group of people but a sense of fraternity. Nations see each other as competitors and enemies. • Source: F. Fabri • Date: 1879 from Does Germany Need Colonies? • Kaiser Wilhelm II begins disputes over colonial territories with France and England. These disputes helped lead to WWI.

16. How did Ethiopia defeat Italy at the Battle of Adwa?

17. Document CTechnology and Imperialism Chart • Source- ??? Date ??? • Quinine from the cinchona tree cures malaria • Malaria transmitted by mosquitoes. It causes fever, headache, nausea. • Bessemer process made steel faster and cheaper to produce. • Maxim machine gun

18. Imperialism Review • Which 7 European nations held colonies in Africa? • Imperialism is ______________ • Disease spread by mosquitoes • In 1884 European nations met in ________ to divide Africa. • European nations had to prove ______________ in order to claim land in Africa. • Only 2 African nations to remain independent. • The King of Belgium, _________, used harsh punishment to force Africans to work for him. • Process which produced steel faster • New weapon allowed Europeans to defeat large African armies • Between 1500’s and 1800’s Europeans went to Africa looking for slaves, gold, and _______. • Emperor __________, led Ethiopia to a victory over Italy at the _______.

19. Document DAfrican Countries and Their Exports • Source-?? Date-?? • Rubber used for bike and car tires, assembly line belts. • Oil Palm Tree helps to make soap, candles. • Egypt has cotton. Also, Suez Canal is a highway to their colony in India. • Ivory comes from tusks of elephants. It is used for tools, art, money. Banned in most nations.

20. Document E Britain and South Saharan Africa Imports and Exports, 1854 and 1900 • Source- T. Lloyd • Date- 1996 • Britain hoped to build a railroad the entire length of Africa nicknamed “Cape to Cairo.” This would supply and protect their colonies. • Even though Britain controlled Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and Jamaica, their biggest trading partner was still the United States.

21. Rhodes Colossus Cecil Rhodes “From Cape to Cairo”

22. Document F • Source: R. Kipling, “The White Man’s Burden” • Date – 1899 • Audience- Kipling is speaking to the U.S. regarding its colonization of Philippines. • Many of his works celebrated British imperialism for its role in spreading civilization.

23. Document F • Paternalism – a policy of treating subject people as if they were children, providing for their needs but not giving them rights • Ethnocentrism- the belief that one’s culture is superior to another

24. Ca. state standard 10.4 Imperialism Quiz • List any 3 European nations which held colonies in Africa. • A policy in which a nation dominates another nation • Disease spread by mosquitoes________. The cure is called ________ • In 1884 European nations met to divide up __________ • European nations had to prove ______________ in order to claim land in Africa. • Only 2 African nations to remain independent by 1900 • King of Belgium who claimed to bring peace and Christianity to Africa yet used harsh punishment to force Africans to work • New weapon which allowed Europeans to defeat large African armies • Menelik II, the emperor of _______, beat Italy at the battle of _______ • Britain hoped to build a railroad the entire length of Africa nicknamed from “Cape to ______” • _______ comes from the tusks of elephants and is used for art, tools, money • Egypt had an abundance of ________, which is used in the textile industry.

25. Imperialism Quiz • Malaria • Europe • Africa • Asia • Rule of occupation • Ethiopia • Egypt • South Africa • Liberia • Steam engine • Maxim machine gun • Gold • sillver • Ivory • Chocolate • Cotton • Leopold II • Menelik II • Industrialization • Imperialism • France • Britain • United States • Belgium • Canada • NONE OF THE ABOVE

32. East Asia

33. Africa 1880 and 1897

34. Use the slides to answer the following questions in notes • Slide 1- By 1900, which continents were the most colonized? Explain why. • Slide 2- Why is this man standing on Africa? What do the daggers represent? • Slide 3- Which sea creature is England supposed to be? Why? • Slide 4- Which countries do these men represent? Why are they “toasting” each other?

35. Use the slides to answer the following questions in notes • Slide 5- Who is slicing China into pieces? Is this picture display a positive or negative view of imperialism? Explain • Slide 6- Why are the Africans fighting with the Europeans instead of against them? • Slide 7- How come Japan and the inner part of China were not colonized? • Slide 8- In 1880 only the coastline of Africa was colonized. By 1897 almost the entire continent was controlled by Europeans. What factors do you think accounted for such a dramatic change?

36. Sec. 1 Scramble for Africa • Why did the Europeans control such a small portion of Africa for most of the 19th century? • Rivers difficult to travel • Powerful armies • disease

37. The Congo King Leopold Of Belgium Henry Stanley

38. The Congo and Leopold • Leopold’s goals- end slave trade, promote Christianity • However, there was evidence of abuse • Leopold really wanted the rubber trees

39. Belief in European Superiority Racism Social Darwinism (quote on p.341) 3. Missionaries Christianity Civilize Westernize Factors promoting Imperialism Technology- steamships, railroads, machine gun, quinine Africa politically divided Forces Driving Imperialism

40. Division of Africa

41. Berlin Conference • Meeting of 14 European nations in 1884-1885 to lay down the rules for dividing Africa • By 1914 only Liberia and Ethiopia remained independent

42. Scramble for Africa

43. Africa 1880-1914

44. Review • How did the Industrial Revolution lead to European colonization? • Why were no African rulers invited to attend the Berlin Conference? • How were the Europeans able to conquer so much of Africa in such a short period of time? • What problems might result form rearranging groups of people without regard for ethnic or linguistic traditions?

45. Section 2 • Forms of Imperialism (Chart p. 346) • Colony • Protectorate • Sphere of Influence • Economic

46. Methods of Management • Indirect Control • Direct Control • Paternalism • Assimilation

47. African Resistance • Ethiopia: A Successful Resistance • In a paragraph, explain how Menelik II strengthened his nation and protected it from colonization. • Describe the importance of the Battle of Adowa.

48. Negatives Lost political and economic power Reduced food production Loss of culture, traditions Positives Modern economy Telephones Dams, bridges, canals Sanitation Hospitals Schools End of local warfare Impact of Colonialism

49. British Expand Control India is controlled by British East India Company (1757) Army with Indian soldiers - sepoys “Jewel in the Crown” India was the most valuable colony due to large number of resources and large population India must produce materials only for British production and only purchase British goods Sec. 3 British Imperialism in India

50. British Transport Trade Goods • Railroads • Tea, indigo, coffee, cotton, jute, opium