M. O ’Connor, J.-M. Douguet & C. MOUVET 2

1. PEGASE’s OBJECTIVES • Production of high quality data sets with intensive and extensive 32-month monitoring of contrasted aquifers • 6 test sites, with deep (> 10m) as well as shallow (< 2 m) aquifers • Development of mechanistic tools dedicated to the modelling of pesticide contamination of groundwater (GW) • 1-D screening tool and 3-D groundwater models developed with differing conceptual approaches • Performance assessment of the tools developed • Calibration & verification trials conducted on actual data sets • Socio-economic assessment of alternative scenarios • Predictive modelling of pesticide contamination of GW andsocio-economicaspects using the tools developed • The PEGASE Framework • STEP 2 — SCIENTIFIC ANALYSES of Ecosystems • (e.g., River/Wetland/Marine ecology, Land/Water quality, Biodiversity, Chemical contamination, Microbiology, etc) • STEP 3 — Identification of key • ECOSYSTEM dynamics & Environmental FUNCTIONS • STEP 1 — Diagnosis of Stakeholder INTERESTS • CONSTITUTION • of ‘SPACES’ for • STAKEHOLDER • NEGOCIATION • STEP 7 — Stakeholder Concertation • and DELIBERATION (and re-specification of the ‘PROBLEMS’…) • STEP 4 — Quantification of • Social/cultural/economic • SIGNIFICANCE of • the Environmental services/functions • STEP 6 — Presentation and Dissemination of RESULTS • STEP 5 — SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS of Resource Management and Development OPTIONS • (Evaluations via Multi-criteria and forward studies (Scenario) analyses) • The Deliberation Cycle in the ‘Theatre of Sustainability’ (O'Connor, 2000) PEGASE’ s Partners - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (coordinator) F - Institute of Soil and Water Management CH - FZ Juelich GmbH, Institut fuer Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphaere D - Laboratoire d'étude des Transferts en Hydrologie et Environnement F - Alterra Green World NL - Water Research Centre plc UK - The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences S - Dep. of Environm. Sci. and Engineering, Technical Univ. of Denmark DK - Geological Institute, Univ. Copenhagen DK - Centre d'Economie et d'Ethique pour l'Env. et le Développement (C3ED) F - Centro Studio Chimica Biochimica Fitofarmaci C.N.R. I • PEGASE has to deal with various information categories… • Information on any economic and environmental policy problem takes many forms and relates to many different scales and aggregation levels. The PEGASE project designs are based on the Tetrahedral Model™ for the organisation of knowledge. This involves representations of learning perspectives based on that distinguishes: • Local-level information — the life experience of "ordinary" members of society in their homes, farms, workplaces; • Statistically aggregated economic information — such as systems of accounts and models quantifying volumes of sectoral production and fertiliser or pesticide applications on a regional or national basis; • Spatially defined environmental information — the hydrosystems etc. • Governance information — the terms in which a regulation and coordination of human action is conceived, which link local and aggregated economic and ecological information to frameworks of collective purpose and policy implementation. • … to represent Systems Science and Social Signification • Representation as systems knowledge is not enough; what is also required is representations of meanings, purposes and social relations.The Tetrahedron may be viewed as composed of two complementary axes that portray, respectively, the feasibility and desirability dimensions of social choice. Systems Science: Modelling , Simulation and Scenario studies Deliberative Governance : Practices and instituted conventions for the (necessary and, from some points of view desirable) reconciling of diverse expressed interests and ways of being. Ecological Dimensions Ecosystems, hydro-systems, etc. in their spatial and functional dimensions Economic Dimensions Sectoral statistics and dynamicmodels Social Significance: Principles, purposes and practices… "Local" Perspectives Identifying principles, interests and practices at the “ actor’s ” level : Quantitative and qualitative descriptions • Operationalising a Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation • Emphasis is placed on defining the economic resource opportunity costs associated with the achievement of specified environmental quality goals, that is, cost-effectiveness in achieving policy norms. • Changes in State of the environmentEnvironmental Pressures (V) (environmental functioning) e.g., pesticides entering groundwatere.g. hydrosystem dynamics modelling, water quality • Environmental Functions/services • provided to society (F) • Economic activities (A)e.g., irrigation water, town drinking supply • Policy Target : maintain or improve environmental functions, F • Policy measures: Reduce environmental pressures, V • Policy costs: alteration or reduction or economic activities, A • . Information and Communication Technology & advanced modelling tools These interactive tools can aid science and public policy, and can empower non-scientific audiences in the context of issues that, directly or diffusely, impact on their lives. We distinguish two main components of an individual or collective learning opportunity. First, the user(s) can gauge how their way of living impacts on the environmental feature or resource in question. Second, the user(s) can explore alternative possibilities for social and economic changes. • Knowledge Quality Assurance • The complexity of natural systems, the time gaps between exploitation pressure or contamination and cumulative environmental response, and the consequent uncertainties concerning management risks and requirements for long-term stability, pose special problems for scientific quality assurance of any information system. • Knowledge quality evaluation entails: • the classical scientific considerations of rigour, coherence, measurement validation and sensitivity testing for the sequences of data transformation, aggregation and modelling; • the user-oriented considerations of pertinence for framing a decision problem and for supporting a multi-user learning activity. • Pesticides in European Groundwaters: detailed study of representative Aquifers and Simulation of possible Evolution scenarios • PEGASE • EVK1-CT1999-00028 • http://www.brgm.fr/pegase/ M. O ’Connor, J.-M. Douguet &C. MOUVET2 1 C3ED, University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (France). Contact: Martin.Oconnor@c3ed.uvsq.fr 2BRGM, Water Division, 3 Av. C. Guillemin, BP 6009, F-45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France. Contact: c.mouvet@brgm.fr Objectives & partnership SERVING THE EARTH Framework • The PEGASE framework for diagnostic analysis • Level 1 is the defining of parameters (characteristics) of the ecosystems being studied, so as to describe the capacities of the ecosystem or natural area to provide certain functions. This aims to illustrate the links between ecosystem functioning in itself (such as food chains and nutrient cycles, physical transport process, heat and water flows…) and the environmental functions or services furnished to human societies (viz., categories of source, site, scenery, sink and life-support). • Level 2 links human societies (in their economic and social dimensions) and ecosystems. It describes which economic sectors affect which environmental functions (e.g., as defined by ‘Environmental Pressure Indices’). Sustainability themes and policy goals are then classified with reference to environmental pressures and environmental functions. • Level 3 presents requirements for sustainability in its various dimensions (economic, environmental, ecological, social, and cultural), at the scale of analysis being undertaken. Thresholds or standards are proposed in relation to economic activities, ecosystem functioning, and the interfaces between economic and ecological activities. • Level 4 makes the comparison between the standards given in Level 3 and the current impacts or state indicators described in Level 2, and allows the identification of various 'sustainability gaps' corresponding to the distance between the current situation and what it would be if resources/ecosystems were managed sustainably.. BRGM BP 6009 45060 ORLEANS Cedex 2 FRANCE Tel : 02 38 64 34 34 Mars 2002