Skeletal system

1. Skeletal system

2. Functions • Shape and Support • Protect organs • Muscles are attached to bones for movement • Produce blood cells in the marrow • Storage for calcium and phosphorus which give bones their strength

3. Bone Structure • Periosteum- tough membrane covering the outer portion of bone • Compact bone- directly under the periosteum • Strong-purpose to give bone its strength • Contains calcium and phosphate • Blood vessels and bone cells found here

4. Bone structure • Spongy Bone- found at the ends of long bones • Small open spaces • Make the bone lightweight • Cavities contain marrow • Marrow can be yellow and composed of fat cells • Some marrow is red and produces red blood cells

5. Cartilage • Ends of bones are covered with Cartilage • Slippery • Thick • Flexible • Important in joints • Shock absorber • Does not contain blood vessels

6. Bone cells • Osteoblast • Deposit calcium and phosphorus into bone to make them hard • Build up bone • Osteoclast • Break bone down • Calcium and phosphorus are released

7. Joints • Place where two bones come together • Held together by a band of tissue called a LIGAMENT

8. Types of Joints • Immovable • Allow for little or no movement • Found in skull and pelvis • Movable • Control body movement • 4 major types • Pivot • Ball and Socket • Hinge • Gliding

9. Pivot Joint • One bone rotates in the ring of another bone that does not move • Example- Turning your head

10. Ball and Socket • Bone with a rounded end that fits into a cuplike cavity on another bone • Wider range of motion • Example- arms and legs

11. Hinge Joint • Back and forth movement like the hinges on a door • Elbows, knees, and fingers

12. Gliding joint • One part of the bone slides over another bone • Wrist and ankles and between vertebrae.