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Molecules in biochemistry. Biochemical molecules C, H, O, N, P, S Some trace elements example: Zn 2+ , Fe. Review of Organic Functional Groups. Don’t panic, its organic!. Alkane. single bonds nonpolar Key reaction: Combustion
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Molecules in biochemistry • Biochemical molecules C, H, O, N, P, S • Some trace elements example: Zn2+, Fe
Review of Organic Functional Groups Don’t panic, its organic!
Alkane • single bonds • nonpolar • Key reaction: Combustion • CH3-CH2-CH3 + 5 O2 ——> 3 CO2 + 4 H2O + heat
Alkenes: Contain double bonds Cis-trans Isomers
Alcohol • OH • H-bonding • Nucleophilicity: electron pair donor
Alcohols: Formation of Esters Carboxylic acid + alcohol -----> ester + water
Carbonyl • aldehydes and ketones • polarity of carbonyl
Carbonyl reactions • Nucleophilic and electrophilic additions • oxidation
Carbonyl reactions • Hemiacetal and hemiketal formation • (seen in sugars)
Carboxylic acids • Weak acids • H bonders
Carboxylic Acid reactions • Esterification • Amide formation
Amines • Basicity • H-bonding
Esters • resonance • thioesters • phosphoesters
Amides • Planarity • hydrolysis
Rings • planarity • hydrophobicity
3-D structure • Stereoisomers • Nonsuperimposable mirror images
Stereospecificity • Binding sites are specific to only one stereoisomer
Reaction types • Redox • Rearrangements • Forming or Breaking C-C bonds • Condensation • Group Transfers
Redox • Already discussed
Condensation • Already Discussed