Safeguarding First: Keeping Children Safe

1. Tel: 07711 443 463 E-mail: info@safeguardingfirst.com Website www.safeguardingfirst.com Pam Gartland: Safeguarding First ‘App’ available from the App Store find us on Twitter - @safeguarding1st

2. Keeping Children Safe Whole Workforce Training Keeping Children Safe Is Your Business My Business It’s Everyone's Business

3. Session Format Welcome and introductions What does safeguarding mean? The legal context Individual activity What are we protecting children from? Early identification of need Your statutory role and responsibility in relation to safeguarding children Finish

4. Safeguarding Children Vulnerable Adults Safe People Our responsibilities to Safeguarding in schools and settings Safe Premises & Places Safe children

5. The Session is Informed by the Following: Children Act (1989) Children Act (2004) section 10/14b Serious Case Reviews: Birmingham/Haringey/Coventry/Bradford/Sunderland/Stockton/Cumbria/Nottingham/Hartlepool Statutory Guidance on Making Safeguarding Arrangements Education Act 2002 – section 175 (maintained) The Education (Independent School Standards) Regulation 2014 (including Academies/Free Schools) The Education Non Maintained Special Schools (England) Regulation 2015 Keeping Children Safe In Education DfE2019 All staff should at least read Part 1 - ‘Safeguarding Information for all Staff’ Annex A: Further Information – should be read by all those who work directly with children. Designated LA Service (LADO) 01429 284284

6. DfE - Statutory framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) April 2017 • Working Together to Safeguard Children (HM GOV) (2018) • DfE 2015 – what do you do if you are worried about a child – practitioners advice. • Hartlepool and Stockton on Tees Safeguarding Children Partnership • 01429 523825 • Website: http://www.hsscp.co.uk • Child Protection: Tees Local Safeguarding Children Boards’Procedures: • http://www.teescpp.org.uk • Counter Terrorism and Security Act (2015) The Prevent Duty - 1st July 2015 Schools (and since 18th September 2015 all colleges) Section 26 of the Act ‘Due regard’ To Prevent ’ - Assess risk of children and young people being drawn into extremism. • Channel Panels - National Response to Radicalisation. SPOC for Cleveland Police: • communities&partnerships@cleveland.pnn.police.ukor 101 Communities & • Partnership Team. • From October 2015 – Section 5B Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003 (section 74 Serious Crime Act 2015) places a statutory duty upon teachers to report to the police where they discover either through disclosure by the victim or visual evidence that female genital mutilation ‘appears to have been carried out ‘on a girl under 18. • DfE 2018 - Information Sharing – advice for practitioners providing safeguarding services to children young people parents and carers • Data Protection Act (2018) • Freedom of Information Act (2000) • Sexual Offences Act (2003)

7. General Data Protection Regulations May 2018 • Understanding of what data you hold, why you hold it and for how long you are retaining it. • Review of what you record, how you record and where that data may be used. • Understanding of consent, inclusive of parents and children (13). • Information MUST be recorded where there are concerns about children and GDPR supports this.

8. Key Themes from SCRs Learning has highlighted the importance of: • The child’s journey and understanding the child’s lived experience • Historic information – previous parenting can be used to predict future behaviour • Robust multi-agency assessments – particularly for babies and at the pre-birth stage • Professional curiosity and asking the ‘unthinkable questions • Procedural compliance • Professional challenge • A focus on fathers and hidden males • Early intervention – addressing need and risk as soon as it is evident

9. Key Learning from SCRs • Professional optimism • Transition arrangements • Understanding of the early help offer • Impact of the Toxic Trio • Resistant, hostile and uncooperative parents and carers Domestic Violence Parental Substance Misuse Parental Mental Health Issues

10. Making a Referral in Hartlepool • Information shared directly to the Designated Safeguarding Lead (DSL) • DSL contact – the Hartlepool & Stockton Children’s Hub 01429 284284 or 01642 130080 • Email: childrenshub@hartlepool.gcsx.gov.uk • Emergency Duty Team (Outside of Office Hours) 01642 524 552 • Followed up by written referral • DSL may contact the Police on 101 or the Protection of Vulnerable People Unit on 01642 326326 in the event of any emergency or if a crime has been committed.

11. What does abuse and neglect look like? Images taken from the internet of public perceptions

13. Reflection • How does it feel to be that child? • How might it feel to live in that house? • How could we recognise that these children are at risk? • What can we do? • What support do they require? Think – ‘it could happen here’

14. Framework for the assessment of Children in Need and their families (DH2000) • The importance of families in caring for and protecting children and vulnerable adults • Safeguarding is everybody’s business • We identified the need to develop policy, practice and services to reflect these two points... • To promote joint working between child & adult focussed services

15. Continuum of need/risk

16. Early Identification of Need • School and college staff are particularly important as they are in a position to identify concerns early, provide help for children, and prevent concerns from escalating. • All staff should be prepared to identify children who may benefit from early help. • Early help means providing support as soon as a problem emerges at any point in a child’s life. (KCSIE 2019)

17. Early Identification of Need • Early identification, requires knowledge of the child, family, background and situation • Early identification also requires awareness of age appropriate child development and being observant of changes to a child’s daily presentation and well being • Early identification means facing the problem/difficulty (where appropriate) directly with the child and parent(s) and offering immediate intervention before statutory measures/assessment is required • Early identification means building solid relationships with children and families to ensure clear channels of communication are in place.

18. Early Identification of Need • Engage children and parents in maintaining good communication with you. • Act quickly and offer support before the situation needs to be resolved through statutory intervention. • Record all actions, interventions and observations you make. • Listen to the voice of the Child and the needs of the family. • You can be the person that prevents the escalation.

19. Significant Harm Harm is defined in the Children Act 1989 Section 31 (9) as: Ill-treatment Impairment of health (as compared to a similar child) Note: harm now includes the impairment of a child’s health or development as a result of witnessing the ill-treatment of anotherperson (Adoption and Children Act 2002)

20. Whatconstitutes ‘Significant Harm’? Consideration of the severity of ill-treatment may include: The degree and the extent of physical harm The duration and frequency of abuse and neglect The extent of premeditation Thepresence or degree of threat, coercion, sadism, and bizarre or unusual elements What constitutes significant harm: Single events Complex and longstanding cases

21. Types of abuse and neglect All school/college staff should be aware that abuse, neglect and safeguarding issues are rarely standalone events that can be covered by one definition or label. In most cases multiple issues will overlap with one another. Abuse: A form of maltreatment of a child. Somebody may abuse or neglect a child by inflicting harm or by failing to act to prevent harm. Children may be abused in a family or in an institutional or community setting by those known to them or, more rarely, by others. Abuse can take place wholly online, or technology may be used to facilitate offline abuse. They may be abused by an adult or adults or by another child or children. (KCSIE 2019)

22. Definitions of Abuse Physical Abuse A form of abuse which may involve hitting, shaking, throwing, poisoning, burning or scalding, drowning, suffocating or otherwise causing physical harm to a child. Physical harm may also be caused when a parent or carer fabricates the symptoms of, or deliberately induces illness in a child. Working Together to Safeguard Children (2018)

23. Neglect The persistent failure to meet a child's basic physical and/or psychological needs, likely to result in the serious impairment of the child's health or development. Neglect may occur during pregnancy as a result of maternal substance misuse. Once a child is born, neglect may involve a parent or carer failing to provide adequate food and clothing, shelter including exclusion from home or abandonment, failing to protect a child from physical and emotional harm or danger, failure to ensure adequate supervision including the use of inadequate care-takers, or the failure to ensure access to appropriate medical care or treatment. It may also include neglect of, or unresponsiveness to, a child's basic emotional needs” Working Together to Safeguard Children (2018)

24. Sexual Abuse Involves forcing or enticing a child or young person to take part in sexual activities, not necessarily involving a high level of violence, whether or not the child is aware of what is happening. The activities may involve physical contact, including assault by penetration (for example, rape or oral sex) or non-penetrative acts such as masturbation, kissing, rubbing and touching outside of clothing. They may also include non-contact activities, such as involving children in looking at, or in the production of, sexual images, watching sexual activities, encouraging children to behave in sexually inappropriate ways, or grooming a child in preparation for abuse. Sexual abuse can take place online, and technology can be used to facilitate offline abuse. Sexual abuse is not solely perpetrated by adult males. Women can also commit acts of sexual abuse, as can other children. Working Together to Safeguard Children (2018)

25. Emotional Abuse The persistent emotional maltreatment of a child such as to cause severe and persistent adverse effects on the child's emotional development. It may involve conveying to a child that they are worthless or unloved, inadequate, or valued only insofar as they meet the needs of another person. It may include not giving the child opportunities to express their views, deliberately silencing them or ‘making fun’ of what they say or how they communicate. It may feature age or developmentally inappropriate expectations being imposed on children. These may include interactions that are beyond a child’s developmental capability, as well as overprotection and limitation of exploration and learning, or preventing the child participating in normal social interaction. It may involve seeing or hearing the ill-treatment of another. It may involve serious bullying (including cyber bullying), causing children frequently to feel frightened or in danger, or the exploitation or corruption of children. Some level of emotional abuse is involved in all types of maltreatment of a child though it may occur alone. Working Together to Safeguard Children (2018)

26. Consider the vulnerability and diversity of the children we are protecting here in your school and community What might make them more vulnerable? Something about the child? Something about the parent/carer? Something about the family? How can we ensure we carry out our statutory role?

27. Peer on Peer Vulnerability Allegations of abuse made against other children All staff should be aware that safeguarding issues can manifest themselves via peer on peer abuse. This is most likely to include, but may not be limited to: • bullying (including cyberbullying); • physical abuse such as hitting, kicking, shaking, biting, hair pulling, or otherwise causing physical harm; • sexual violence such as rape, assault by penetration and sexual assault; • sexual harassment such as sexual comments, remarks, jokes and online sexual harassment which may be stand-alone or part of a broader pattern of abuse; • Upskirting, which typically involves taking a picture under a person’s clothing without them knowing, with the intention of viewing their genitals or buttocks to obtain sexual gratification, or cause the victim humiliation, distress or alarm; • sexting (also known as youth produced sexual imagery); • initiation/hazing type violence and rituals. (KCSIE 2019)

28. ‘I saw your willy’ NSPCC

29. Online Safety How are we promoting transferrable skills?How do we measure the impact of what we do?How do we support children recognising the difference between the online world and thereal world?

30. All staff need to be particularly alert to a child who: • is disabled and has specific additional needs • has special educational needs (whether or not they have a statutory Education, Health and Care Plan) • is a young carer • is showing signs of being drawn in to anti-social or criminal behaviour, including gang involvement and association with organised crime groups • is frequently missing/goes missing from care or from home • is at risk of modern slavery, trafficking or exploitation • is at risk of being radicalised or exploited • is in a family circumstance presenting challenges for the child, such as drug and alcohol misuse, adult mental health issues and domestic abuse • is misusing drugs or alcohol themselves • has returned home to their family from care • is a privately fostered child KCSIE 2019

31. Additional Advice/Further Areas of Vulnerability to Consider Abuse Bullying including Cyber Bullying Children and the Court System Children Missing from Education, home and care Children with family members in prison Child Sexual Exploitation – VEMT Child Criminal Exploitation - County Lines Domestic Abuse Drugs and Alcohol Misuse Honour based violence ‘so called’ (FGM, Forced Marriage and Breast Ironing) Health and Well Being Homelessness Online Private Fostering Radicalisation Peer on Peer Abuse Sexual Violence and Sexual Harassment between children in schools and Colleges Upskirting Violence For more information please see Annex A of KCSIE 2019.

32. Child Sexual Exploitation Child sexual exploitation is a form of child sexual abuse. It occurs where an individual or group takes advantage of an imbalance of power to coerce, manipulate or deceive a child or young person under the age of 18 into sexual activity (a) in exchange for something the victim needs or wants, and/or (b) for the financial advantage or increased status of the perpetrator or facilitator. The victim may have been sexually exploited even if the sexual activity appears consensual. Child sexual exploitation does not always involve physical contact: it can also occur through the use of technology. Annex A KCSIE 2019

33. ‘Honour Based’ Violence (HBV) • So-called ‘honour-based’ violence (HBV) encompasses incidents or crimes which have been committed to protect or defend the honour of the family and/or the community, including female genital mutilation (FGM), forced marriage, and practices such as breast ironing. • Abuse committed in the context of preserving “honour” often involves a wider network of family or community pressure and can include multiple perpetrators. It is important to be aware of this dynamic and additional risk factors when deciding what form of safeguarding action to take. (KCSIE 2019)

34. Female Genital Mutilation Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), also known as female genital cutting and female circumcision, is the ritual removal of some or all of the external female genital organs Typically carried out by a traditional circumciser using a blade or razor (with or without anaesthesia) FGM is concentrated in 28 African countries, Yemen and Iraqi Kurdistan, and found elsewhere in Asia and the Middle East. The age at which it is conducted varies from days after birth to puberty; in half the countries for which national figures are available, most girls are cut before the age of five. Typically occurs between ages of 5-8 years old, recent information suggests 8-15 years and during summer holidays.

35. Female Genital Mutilation The procedures differ according to the ethnic group. The practice is rooted in gender inequality, attempts to control women's sexuality, and ideas about purity, modesty and aesthetics. Attendance issues may be the first cause for concern -children missing education (repeated occasions), however families often seek to have the procedure performed in this country rather than the child travelling abroad. Huge physical and psychological long term effects on children. FGM is illegal in the UK and a form of child abuse with long lasting harmful consequences. If staff have concern that FGM may occur they should follow their normal CP procedures in school however If a **teacher discovers that an act of FGM may have been carried out on a girl under the age of 18 there will be a statutory duty upon that individual to report it directly to the police. (October 2015 –section 5b FGM Act 2003/ Section 74 Serious crime Act 2015) **teacher means— (a) in relation to England, a person within section 141A(1) of the Education Act 2002 (persons employed or engaged to carry out teaching work at schools and other institutions in England); *

36. Forced Marriage • Forcing a person into a marriage is a crime in England and Wales. • A forced marriage is one entered into without the full and free consent of one or both parties and where violence threats or any other form of coercion is used to cause a person to enter into a marriage. • Threats can be physical or emotional and psychological. A lack of full and free consent can be where a person does not consent or where they cannot consent (if they have learning disabilities, for example). Nevertheless, some communities use religion and culture as a way to coerce a person into marriage.

37. Schools and colleges can play an important role in safeguarding children from forced marriage. • The Forced Marriage Unit has published Multi-agency guidelines, with pages 32-36 focusing on the role of schools and colleges. • School and college staff can contact the Forced Marriage Unit if they need advice or information. Contact: 020 7008 0151 or email: fmu@fco.gov.uk.

38. Counter Terrorism and Security Act 2015 The Prevent Duty - 1st July 2015 for schools & 18th September 2015 for colleges, Section 26 of the Act • ‘Due regard’ ‘To Prevent’ assess risk of children and young people being drawn into extremism (based upon different potential risks in each local community) • Work in partnership with LA safeguarding teams and LSCB. • Staff training (Prevent awareness raising, including how and who to refer to) • IT policies are robust-appropriate usage for children and staff so they are not vulnerable through internet access (including filters) • Monitor and enforce through ensuring safeguarding procedures are in place (Inspected by OFSTED).

39. National and Local Response to Radicalisation • Channel Panels are a multi agency response and assessment of risk of radicalisation for adults and children. • SPOC for Cleveland Police: communities&partnerships@cleveland.pnn.police.ukor 101 Communities & Partnership Team. • For schools/settings dedicated helpline: Due Diligence and Counter Extremism Group (DDCEG) (020 7340 7264) • If you are concerned that a child’s life is in immediate danger or that they may be imminently planning to travel to Syria or Iraq dial 999 or call the confidential Anti-Terrorist Hotline on 0800 789 321.

40. Sexual Violence • Sexual violence and sexual harassment can occur between two children of any age and sex. It can also occur through a group of children sexually assaulting or sexually harassing a single child or group of children. • When referring to Sexual Violence it is sexual violence offences under the Sexual Offences Act 2003: • Rape • Assault by penetration • Sexual assault • Consent must be clear and understood.

41. Sexual Harassment • Sexual harassment is the ‘unwanted conduct of a sexual nature’. • Sexual harassment is likely to: violate a child’s dignity, and/or make them feel intimidated, degraded or humiliated and/or create a hostile, offensive or sexualised environment.

42. Upskirting • Upskirting typically involves taking a picture under a person’s clothing without them knowing, with the intention of viewing their genitals or buttocks to obtain sexual gratification, or cause the victim humiliation, distress or alarm. It is now a criminal offence.

43. County Lines • Criminal exploitation of children is a geographically widespread form of harm that is a typical feature of county lines criminal activity: drug networks or gangs groom and exploit children and young people to carry drugs and money from urban areas to suburban and rural areas, market and seaside towns. • Similar behaviours observed to sexual exploitation e.g. going missing, extra money, unknown people waiting outside of school.

44. Summary • No form of abuse is worse than another. • Don’t worry about the title or diagnosis. • Consider is there an imbalance of power and control? • What is the individual impact for the child and their level of resilience? • Follow safeguarding procedures at all times. • Report, record and ensure follow up happens.

45. The Child’s Voice The role and responsibility of school is to advocate on behalf of the child so please think about the following: Listening to the child’s views and feelings Observing the child and their interactions with peers, adults and parents Valuing your relationship with the child and the information you can offer Sharing information with the safeguarding lead so that the child’s voice is NEVER lost Keeping up to date records

46. Disclosure Receiving information from a child or young person either directly or indirectly

47. How do you respond to a Disclosure? Be ready to act immediately Understand that a child might find it difficult to share Be supportive of the child and your own well being Be sure that the child understands the next steps you will take Listen to the voice of the child and be clear to use their words Engage and Initiate your safeguarding procedures

48. Actions where there are concerns about a child School/College action Staff have concerns about child and take immediate action. Staff follow their child protection policy and speak to designated safeguarding lead (1) Other agency action Referral not required, school/college takes relevant action, possibly including pastoral support and/or early help (2) and monitors locally Referral (3) made if concerns escalate Designated safeguarding lead or staff make referral (3) to children's social care (and call police if appropriate). Within 1 working day, social worker makes decision about the type of response that is required Child in need of immediate protection: referrer informed Section 47 (4) enquires appropriate: referrer informed Section 17 (4) enquiries appropriate: referrer informed No formal assessment required: referrer informed School/college considers pastoral support and/or early help assessment (2) accessing universal services and other support Appropriate emergency action taken by social worker, police or NSPCC (5) Identify child at risk of significant harm (4): possible child protection plan Identify child in need (4) and identify appropriate support Staff should do everything they can to support social workers. At all stages, staff should keep the child’s circumstances under review (involving the designated safeguarding lead (or deputies) as required), and re-refer if appropriate, to ensure the child’s circumstances improve – the child’s best interests must always come first (1) In cases which also involve a concern or an allegation of abuse against a staff member, see Part four of KCSIE 2019. (2) Early help means providing support as soon as a problem emerges at any point in a child’s life. Where a child would benefit from co-ordinated early help, an early help inter-agency assessment should be arranged. Chapter one of Working Together to Safeguard Children provides detailed guidance on the early help process. (3) Referrals should follow the process set out in the local threshold document and local protocol for assessment - Chapter one of Working Together to Safeguard Children . (4) Under the Children Act 1989, local authorities are required to provide services for children in need for the purposes of safeguarding and promoting their welfare. Children in need may be assessed under section 17 of the Children Act 1989. Under section 47 of the Children Act 1989, where a local authority has reasonable cause to suspect that a child is suffering or likely to suffer significant harm, it has a duty to make enquiries to decide whether to take action to safeguard or promote the child’s welfare, Full details are in Chapter one of Working Together to Safeguard Children. (5) Could include applying for an Emergency Protection Order (EPO).

49. Safeguarding Children Vulnerable Adults Safe People Our responsibilities to Safeguarding in schools and settings Safe Premises & Places Safe children

50. Safeguarding is Everyone’s Business Focus on the Voice of the Child