The Human Skeleton

1. The Human Skeleton

2. The human skeleton consists of 206 bones. We are actually born with more bones (about 350), but many fuse together as a child grows bones support your body and allow you to move contain a lot of calcium (an element found in milk, broccoli, and other foods) manufacture blood cells and store important minerals.

3. The smallest bone is the stirrup bone inside the ear. HAMMER ANViL STiRRUP The longest bone in our bodies is the femur (thigh bone).

4. The Arm

5. Each arm contains 3 bones humerus, in the upper arm radius and ulna in the forearm

6. The Hand

7. Each hand has 27 bones in it. 8 carpals in the wrist 5 metacarpals in the palm, 14 phalanges in the fingers. These are 2 of the arm bones not the hand

8. The Leg

9. Femur - the thigh bone Patella - the knee cap Tibia - the larger of the two leg bones located below the knee cap Fibula - the smaller of the two leg bones located below the knee cap

10. The Spine

11. Cervical Vertebrae the first set of vertebral bones of the spine located beneath the skull there are 7 cervical vertebrae consists of 7 vertebral bones, named the C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, and C7. the primary function of the cervical vertebrae is protection of the spinal cord and support of the body. these vertebrae can flex and extend to allow for movement. generally smaller than the other vertebrae

12. Thoracic Vertebrae vertebrates beneath the cervical vertebrae the middle segment of the spine consists of 12 bones called T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, and T12 these bones increase in size and width from T1 to T12. larger than the cervical vertebrae but smaller than the lumbar vertebrae. houses the spinal cord and protects the spinal cord

13. Lumbar Vertebrae the third curve of the spine Beneath the thoracic vertebrae consists of 5 bones – the L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5 the largest vertebral bones each individual bone increases in function is the protection of the spinal cord. also allows for much of human body motion supports much of the human body’s weight.

14. Joints

15. Bones are connected to other bones at joints • many different types of joints: • fixed joints (such as in the skull, which consists of many bones) • hinged joints (such as in the fingers and toes) • ball-and-socket joints (such as the shoulders and hips).

16. fixed joint is a joint between two bones that doesn’t move. a good example of this is in the skull - the skull plates don't move together or against each other, but they are connected or fused

17. Hinge joints are places in the human skeleton where the ends of bones meet and rotate examples of hinge joints in the human body are the elbow, the knee, the ankle, and the knuckles

18. The most range of movement by the joints is provided by a "ball-and- socket" joint which the spherical head of one bone lodges in the spherical cavity of another In the shoulder joint, the humerus (upper arm bone) fits into the socket of the shoulder blade. Because the socket is shallow and the joint loose, the shoulder is the body's most mobile joint.

19. Gliding Joints "Gliding" joints permit a wide range of mostly sideways movements - as well as movements in one direction – a pivot joint near the top of the spine allows the head to swivel and bend. Other pivot joints, in the forearm and lower leg, allow the wrist and ankle to twist.

20. The Pelvic Bones a ring-like structure of bones at the lower end of the trunk. The two sides of the pelvis are actually three bones (ilium, ischium, and pubis) that grow together as people age

21. Other Bones SCAPULA the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the CLAVICLE (collar bone).

22. Hyoid Bone A small, U-shaped bone situated centrally in the upper part of the neck, beneath the mandible but above the larynx near the level of the third cervical vertebrae The hyoid is (uniquely in the vertebrate skeleton) not joined to any other bone but is suspended in position by muscles that connect it to the mandible