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UNIVERSITE M. MAMMERI. TIZI -OUZOU ALGERIA

UNIVERSITE M. MAMMERI. TIZI -OUZOU ALGERIA. A Brief View on Scientific Research in Algeria Algeria – UE Cooperation. M. BENAKKI LPCQ UNIVERSITE M. MAMMERI TIZI-OUZOU ALGERIE. I- History of research in Algeria. Beginning 1962. Four stages.

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UNIVERSITE M. MAMMERI. TIZI -OUZOU ALGERIA

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  1. UNIVERSITE M. MAMMERI. TIZI -OUZOU ALGERIA

  2. ABrief View on Scientific Research in Algeria Algeria – UE Cooperation M. BENAKKI LPCQ UNIVERSITE M. MAMMERI TIZI-OUZOU ALGERIE

  3. I- History of research in Algeria Beginning 1962 • Four stages • First (1962-1970) and second (1970-1982) stages : • Starting of the activity + Constitution of the research • potential (Training) • The third stage (1983 – 1994) : Turbulence and institutional instability At least five ministerial supervisions followed one another!

  4. The fourth stage 1995–2002 Creation of the legal framework:  Creation of four national research agencies : + • National Agence of university Research. Promulgation of : - 1st law on research (law 98-11) • National Agency for Health Research of Development. - Article 2 consacrate research as a national priority. • National Fond of Scientific Research and the Technology. - Gradually 1% of the GDP devoted to research. - Before 2004: 0.18% of the GDP is devoted to research ! • National Agency for Atomic Energy. - Since 2004 it is 0.35%, and gradually will reach 1%. - Against : 0.7% for Tunisia and Morocco

  5. II- Current State of scientific research The research activity is carried out in two kind of organisation: 1°_The Universities (Formation Aspect). 2°_ Extra University: Industrial establishments (research and development aspect) through : - R & D Laboratories. - Mixed Groups of research (University- Industry) NB: - Relations Companies - University under developed - Few research results reach the stage of valorisation.

  6. Higher Education Network: · 27 Universities · 16 University Centers · 5 National Schools · 6 National Institutes · 4 Higher schools for Teacher training 41 University cities Total: 58 establishments · 5226 research Groups · 616 Research Laboratories · 06 Units of Research · 09 Research centers · 03 Agencies of research With: In contrast : 1962 , 01 University et 02 Great schools

  7. Staff : -16 000 Permanent researchers or part-time ( university - researchers) divided as following: 2005: • 12.000 researchers affiliated to Universities and higher schools. • 4.000 researchers affiliated to research centers. 1997: - 6000 Researchers: The progression is important!

  8. Year 1962 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 teachers 298 842 6207 14436 17460 25229 Students 2725 12024 57044 181135 446004 800000 Evolution of Student / Teacher populations:

  9. Year 1980 1990 2000 2005 Students 2634 14853 22846 33630 Post-Graduation Students :

  10. The reform of teaching and the introduction of • LMD system. Recently: • Beginning of application: 2004 • Total swing: 2012. Thesis in Co-supervision (since 2003) : • To set up and develop a scientic cooperation between Algeria and its partners. Goals: • International Recognition of the Algerian diplomas • Students mobility.

  11. Training in foreign countries : Short-term formation (01-03 months) Three types: Medium-term formation (03-12 months) Long -term formation (> 01 year) Important fact: A large number of granted students did not come back the country: Between 1992 and 1996, 400.000 graduate have expatriated of which 3000 computer scientists!!! and 7000 Doctors!!! It is the equivalent of 10 years training of whole Algerian Universities!!

  12. III International Cooperation : Algeria has some collaboration programs with foreign countries : Collaboration is directed towards the TRAINING In the horizon 2010 - 2014: one and half million students are expected to join Universities. 1- Cooperation with France : It should be noted that this cooperation is much developed with France because for the : - Geographical - Historical - Linguistical Reasons : 80% of projects are carried out with FRANCE

  13. - CMEP - CNRS - PICS Exemple of existing projects : Since 2003: The High Council of French -Algerian University Research has been Instituted . Missions : • To direct and validate the programs. • To initiate new cooperation programs. • To contribute to development of sustainable partnerships • between the higher instutitions of both countries.

  14. 2- With EU: TEMPUS Euro-Med program NATO Exemple of existing projects: 3 – With some former Eastern European countries. 4 –With America: Canada, USA, Argentina, Brazil. 5 - Within the framework of the NEPAD: South Africa and Nigeria.

  15. IV- Example of ResearchLaboratory Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Quantique (LPCQ) Université M. MAMMERI de TIZI-OUZOU : Existssince: 1990 (without finance) Official creation : 2000 Research Groups : 06

  16. Developed topics: 1 – ab-initio study of magnetic and optical properties of nanomaterials containing transition metals. 2 - Study of phase transition and atomic mobility by Monte Carlo, molecular dynamics simulations, in situ resistivity and neutron scattering. 3 - Modeling of clusters: application to Lasers with Excimers. 4 – Electronic structure of solid. 5 - Thermal and magnetic excitations of systems with low dimensions. 6 - Correlation between the dielectric breakdown and the space charge of solid insulators.

  17. Scientific links with Universities of : - Strasbourg (ULP). - Toulouse (UPS). - Paris (PMC). - Le Mans (U. Du Maine) - Lille. - Orléans. - Metz. -Valladolid

  18. Team of M. BENAKKI : • Calculation of the magnetism of low dimensionality systems Developed topics: • Calculation of optical properties • Studies of the kinetics of ordering in the binary Compounds containing transition metals by: • Monte Carlo / molecular dynamics Simulations. • Neutron diffuse and inelastic diffusion • in situ resistivity.

  19. Collaborations: • University Louis Pasteur of Strasbourg • And since 1994 University of Valladolid, Spain ( S. Bouarab) • Origin of the collaboration: • M. Benakki (DEA in 1979 + Doctorate 3rd cycle in 1982 • and Phd in 1989 at laboratory LMSES (Profs E. Daniel • and F.Gautier) • S. Bouarab (Phd in 1993)

  20. - M.C. Cadeville (since 1993) - C. Demangeat (since 1990) - H. Dreyssé (since 1990) - P. Panissod (since 1990) - V. Pierron-Bohnes (since 1993) - C. Goyhennex (since 2002) - M. A. Khan (since 1993) French Group (ULP of Strasbourg) : -  M. Benakki -  S. Bouarab -  H. Bouzar -  M. Zemirli - A. Ziane Algerian Group :

  21. Research projects between Louis Pasteur and Tizi-Ouzou Universities 1993-1999 : Projet Accord-Programme (CMEP) code : "93 MEN 222". Title : " Local study of order and surface, interface magnetism in alloys containing transition metals." Responsables: Algerian side: M. BENAKKI. French side: Mrs. C. CADEVILLE. 1999-2001 Projet Accord-Programme (CMEP) code : "99 MDU 449". Title : " Experimental and theoretical study of the structural and magnetic properties of alloys containing transition metals. ” Responsables: Algerian side: M. BENAKKI. French side: Mrs. C. CADEVILLE

  22. 2001-2004 : Projet DEF/ CNRS, code : SPM 12329 (2002) et SPM 13712 (2003) Title : Magnetic and optical properties of artificial materials With technological interest. Responsables: Algerian side : S. BOUARAB. French side : C. DEMANGEAT (Strasbourg) 2003-2006 : NATO Projet Code : PST.CLG.979708 Title : Electronic and structural properties of low-dimensional systems related to nanotechnology. Responsables: Algerian side : S. BOUARAB. Spain side  : A. Vega (Valladolid)

  23. At least 80 scientific leaves / missions financed by • these projects. • Thus, these projects allowed a fair mobility to • the group members. NB :   Moreover, there are unofficial collaboration, in particular, in the field of post-graduates training.

  24. Computer codes used: 1990- 1998 : Tight-binding method –direct space (recursion method) 1998-2004 : LMTO-ASA and TB-TMTO-ASA methods. 2004- .... : DACAPO and SIESTA For Magnetism and optical properties : 1993-2001: Monte Carlo simulations. 2001 -…. : Double approach: Molecular Dynamics / Monte Carlo simulations. For Kinetics of transformations: - in situ Resistivity at Tizi-Ouzou in collaboration with ULP- Strasbourg. - Neutron scattering with LLB- Saclay. Experiment:

  25. Scientific assessment / Reaserch Aspect : • Magnetism aspect : 60 articles (since 1990) • Optical properties aspect: 10 (since 2000) • Kinetics of transformation aspect: 11 (since 1996). Publications: Scientific assessment : Training aspect (since 1998) • 04 Phd. • 12 Magister Acquisition of equipment : • Design and implementation of experimental set-up of in situ resistivity in collaboration with Strasbourg. Conference: The 1rst Tizi-Ouzou French scientific cooperation: assessment and perspectives . Organized at Tizi-Ouzou, November 11-14, 2005.

  26. V- CONCLUSION-PERSPECTIVES : Algeria is a young country in the field of research ... • But owing to his recent legislation encouraging research • And its reform of teaching (LMD) On the one hand The association of Algeria with the E U can: • Accelerate its integration within the world economy.   • Bring gradual evolution towards European models • Indroduce new partners like Spain and Italy which Share with us some problems: Water, environment ..... In another hand The perspectives for the activity of research are promising. The ratio of the youth population Major advantages: Fluency with an international language: French.

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