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ID the IV, DV, unit of analysis, control variable (if any)

ID the IV, DV, unit of analysis, control variable (if any). Media attention is necessary for a candidate to succeed in a primary election. IV: media attention DV: election success Unit: candidate

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ID the IV, DV, unit of analysis, control variable (if any)

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  1. ID the IV, DV, unit of analysis, control variable (if any) • Media attention is necessary for a candidate to succeed in a primary election. • IV: media attention • DV: election success • Unit: candidate • When length of time since independence is held constant, democracies are more stable than dictatorships. • IV: type of government • DV: stability • CV: time since independence • Unit: nations

  2. Operationalize the following Terms • Controlling for education, the more urban an area, the lower the voter turnout. • Education: • Median years of education of persons 25 years of age and over • Urbanization: • proportion of persons living in place with populations 2,500 + • Voter turnout: • proportion of persons voting age casing ballots in 1996 presidential election.

  3. Operationalize the Following Terms • Nations that receive US foreign aid are more likely to support the US in foreign policy. • Foreign aid: • Did a nation receive any military of economic assistance from the US according to US State Department? • Support in foreign policy: • Percentage of time a nation voted with the US in the UN General Assembly in 1997, calculated from data in UN Yearbook

  4. Build a better Hypothesis • Senator X voted for a bill because it is the president’s bill and they are both Democrats • Senators are more likely to vote for bills sponsored by the president if they belong to the same political party as the president. • The US is a democracy because its population is affluent. • Countries with high levels of affluence are more likely to be democracies than countries with low levels of affluence.

  5. Build a Better Hypothesis • A country’s geographical location matters for the type of political system it develops. • The more borders a country shares with other countries, the more likely that country is to have a nondemocratic political process. • Higher levels of literacy are associated with higher levels of democracy. • As the percentage of a country’s population that is literate increases, the country’s political process becomes more democratic.

  6. Unit of Analysis • Test the following hypothesis: • African Americans are more likely to support female candidates than are Italian Americans. • What is the unit of analysis in this hypothesis? • Answer: Individuals • If you then look at election with female candidate and find that female candidate receives more votes in a precinct with higher levels of African Americans, can you conclude that African Americans support female candidates more? • No! You have just committed ecological fallacy. What is true at aggregate level is not true at the individual level.

  7. Concepts • Researcher must explain concepts so that a measurement strategy may be developed. • Liberal • Conservative • Formal education • Regime support • Democracy

  8. Write the research question in the form of a hypothesis, ID the IV and DV, and Unit • Are people around the world concerned about global climate change? • Does a country’s turnout rate in elections have an impact on how much a country’s welfare policies change in response to changes in market-base inequalities?

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