1 / 17

Comparative Anatomy Higher Amniotes

Comparative Anatomy Higher Amniotes. Note Set 4 Chapter 3. Characteristics of Birds. Feathers present Homeothermic Single occipital condyle Scales on legs and feet. Figure 6.1. Flier and Flightless Birds. Archeopteryx - glider sternum. Figure 6.2: (a) Archaeopteryx (b) pigeon.

nhi
Download Presentation

Comparative Anatomy Higher Amniotes

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Comparative AnatomyHigher Amniotes Note Set 4 Chapter 3

  2. Characteristics of Birds • Feathers present • Homeothermic • Single occipital condyle • Scales on legs and feet Figure 6.1

  3. Flier and Flightless Birds • Archeopteryx- glider • sternum Figure 6.2: (a) Archaeopteryx (b) pigeon.

  4. Classification • Modern birds- Subclass Neornithes • Ancient birds- Subclass Archeornithes • Passeriformes- Largest order of birds • Birds arose in mid-Jurassic Period (ca. 175 mya)

  5. Mammals • Mammals arose in mid-Triassic Period • Cenozoic- age of mammals • Quaternary and Tertiary • Synapsid lineage began with pelycosaurs, which therapsids succeeded • Therapsids gave rise to mammals Figure 6.3.

  6. Therapsids • Synapsid skulls • Possess hair and mandible • Heterodont dentition • Fusion of two bones • Single lower jaw bone (dentary)

  7. Evolution of Reptiles 1. Reduction in number of bones 2. Fusion of bones • In reptiles, articular bone articulates with quadrate • In mammals, dentary articulates with squamosal Figure 6.4: Mandible cladogram.

  8. Evolution of Mammalian Jaw Articular of lower jaw and quadrate of upper jaw and skull become middle ear bones: maleus, incus and stapes Figure 6.5: Jaw and middle ear bone evolution.

  9. Middle Ear Bones • Articular and quadrate evolved from 1st visceral arch • Stapes evolved from hyomandibular of 2nd arch • Eustachian tube from 1st pharyngeal pouch Figure 6.6: Origin of middle ear bones; adult (left) and embryo (right).

  10. Figure 6.7: Skeletal Derivatives of Pharyngeal Arches.

  11. Phylogeny of Mammals • Oviparous- egg layers • Therapsids and all birds • Viviparous- give birth to live young • Most mammals • Ovoviviparous- retain eggs in body and give birth to live young • Many fish and reptiles Figure 6.8: major categories of living mammals .

  12. Placental Type • Therians diverged into the metatheria (marsupials) and eutheria (placental mammals) orders • Metatheria- yolk sac placenta • Eutheria- true placenta • chorioallantoic placenta

  13. Characteristics of Mammals • Hair • Single dentary bone • Fused to form mandible in primates • Sweat glands • Mammary glands • Homeotherms • Enucleated RBC

  14. Figure 6.9: Eutheria (placenta mammals) phylogeny

  15. Orders in Class Mammalia Infraclass Ornithodelphia: • Monotremata- egg layers Infraclass Metatheria: • Marsupialia- marsupium present Infraclass Mammalia: • Artiodactyla- Even-toed ungulates • Perissodactyla- Odd-toed ungulates • Rodentia- Largest groups of placental mammals • Primates- catarrhine (Old World monkeys and humans) and platyrrhine (New World monkeys)

  16. Suborder Anthropoidea -Infraorder Platyrrhini -Infraorder Catarrhini • Two infraorders distinguished by nose form Platyrrhines • Nostrils flare to sides • Flat nose • Wide septum • New World monkeys and marmosets • Catarrhines • Nostrils point straight down • Narrow septum • Old World monkeys, apes, and humans (a) (b) Figure 6.10: Platyrrhine (a) and catarrhine (b).

  17. Literature Cited Figure 6.1- http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~rhmiller/chordates2/Chordates2.htm Figure 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.7, & 6.8- Kent, George C. and Robert K. Carr. Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates. 9th ed. McGraw-Hill, 2001. Figure 6.5- http://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/QA_vs_DS_jaw.htm Figure 6.6- http://www.med.unc.edu/embryo_images/unit-ear/ear_htms/ear013.htm Figure 6.9- http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Eutheria&contgroup=Mammalia Figure 6.10- http://anthro.palomar.edu/primate/prim_4.htm

More Related