Chapter 2

1. Chapter 2 Where, Why, and What?

2. Bell Work Monday Sept 23 2 1 2 Labeling: Can you list the 15 anatomical parts of the dog indicated in the photo? What breed of dog is this? 3 15 14 13 4 12 5 6 7 11 9 8 10

3. 2 1 3 Withers 15 13 14 4 5 12 6 7 9 11 8 10

4. Animals: Dogs • Canine…Dog • Stud intact male dog • Bitch intact female dog • Whelping giving birth • Pack group of dogs • Puppy young • Litter multiple offspring • Gestation 9 weeks (63-65 days) (Def: from conception until birth)

5. …some basics • Most dogs go into heat 2 times a year, but it is common to skip one on occasion. • While in heat she will be able to breed with more than the one male. • She will be in heat for 3 weeks and her cycle will arrive every 6-9 months. Video of live birth http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=M-rw4_cC1aE Birth of 5 cute maltese

6. Some Dog Breeds • Working • Hound-basset hound, dachshund, beagle • Herding-border collie, german shepherd, OES • Terrier- cairn, fox terrier, bull terrier • Toy – pomeranian, chihuahua, • Non Sporting - poodle, chow • Sporting - labradorretreiver, springer spaniel

7. In Position Positional terms are important for accurately and concisely describing body locations and relationships of one body structure to another. Terms such as forward and backward, up and down, in and out, and side to side may not be clear enough for universal understanding.

8. Body Planes and Directional Terms Planes are imaginary lines used descriptively to divide the body into sections. Directional terms • Cranial – towards the head • Caudal – towards the tail • Dorsal – towards the back or uppermost surface • Ventral – towards the belly or undermost surface

9. Bell Work Tuesday, Sept 24 • Directional: label the two arrows with the correct term • Cranial-towards the head • Caudal-towards the tail 1. 2. 1. 2.

10. Directional terms: • Right – the animal’s right • Left- the animal’s left • Cranial – towards the head • Caudal – towards the tail • Dorsal – towards the back or uppermost surface • Ventral – towards the belly or undermost surface

11. Dorsal and Ventral Direction • Dorsal-towards the back • Ventral-towards the abdomen (“belly”) Dorsal Ventral

12. Animals: Cats • Feline…Cat • Tom intact male cat • Queen intact female cat • Queening giving birth • Clowder group of cats • Kitten young • Litter multiple offspring • Gestation 9 weeks (63-65 days) same as the dog (Def: from conception until birth)

13. …some basics • Cats have a clavicle bone (dogs do not) • Most cats don’t like sweet flavors • The term for “in heat” is called estrus • (cats and dogs) • Behavioral signs are more obvious than physical signs • Vocalizing loudly, rolling on the floor, elevated hindquarters • Cats are inducedovulators • release egg only if mated • If not mated, goes back into estrus 2-3 weeks later

14. Cat Breeds • The average mixed breed cat is referred to as a domestic longhaired or a domestic shorthaired cat • Abbreviated DLH or DSH • Common Colors/ Color Patterns • Tabby, Calico, Tortoise Shell, Chocolate/Flame Point, Snowshoe • Common Breeds • Persian, Himalayan, Ragdoll, Maine Coon, Scottish Fold • Siamese, Abyssinian, Sphynx, Russian Blue, Tonkinese, Cornish Rex

15. Anatomical Planes Planes of the body: Planes are imaginary lines used descriptively to divide the body into sections. Median Plane, also called the Midsagittal plane: plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves also called the median plane and midline Sagittal plane: plane that divides the body into right and left parts (not equal)

16. Anatomical Planes • Median Plane • Divides the animal into EQUAL right and left half

17. Bell Work Wednesday, Sept 25 1. Fill in the blank: The Median Plane divides the animal’s body into _________right and left halves. Draw a line representing the Median Plane Draw 2 arrows and label Ventral and Dorsal Ventral means_________________ Dorsal means__________________

18. Animals: Guinea Pig • Cavy –Guinea Pig • Boar – intact male • Sow - intact female • Pup - young guinea pig • Group - group of guinea pigs • Gestation – 9 weeks (59–72 days)

19. …some basics • They are rodents…not pigs • They have poor eyesight, but great sense of smell and hearing • Live about 4-6 years • They are social with each other and love to chatter and chirp • Their teeth continue to grow • They are capable of breeding as early as 4 or 5 weeks old. • can produce about 5 litters a year • Females can get pregnant 6 to 48 hours after giving birth (ugh!)

20. Bell work Thursday, Sept 26 Indicate the following using the picture: Dorsal, Ventral Cranial, Caudal Median Plane What is it called (scientific name)? How long is the gestation period?

21. Anatomical Planes Dorsal plane:plane that divides the body into dorsal and ventral parts also known as the frontal or coronal plane Transverse plane: plane that divides the body into cranial and caudal parts also known as the horizontal or cross-sectional plane

22. Transverse Plane Dorsal Plane Dorsal Plane

23. Planes of the Body

24. Three-Dimensional Planes . • Median plane – body plane that divides theanimal into equal, symmetricalright and left halves. • Dorsal plane – body plane that divides the body into dorsal and ventral parts. • Transverse plane – body plane that divides theanimal into cranial andcaudal parts.

25. Moo!

26. Animals: Rabbit • Lagomorph – Rabbit • Buck – intact male • Doe – intact female • Lapin- neutered male • Kit – young/baby rabbit • Kindling- giving birth • Herd-group of rabbits • Gestation-30 days

27. …some basics • Rabbits are hindgut digesters • This means they have a cecum where most of digestion occurs. • Rabbits live about 9-12 years • Rabbits cannot vomit • They reingest the soft droppings • Rabbits are useful for fur, rich manure, food, or enjoyed as pets

28. Breeds/ Colors • Large Rabbits: Californian, American, Flemish Giant • Interesting fur: Jersey Woolley, Angora • Cylindrical body type: Himalayan • Small: Netherland Dwarf, Polish, Holland Lop • Color Patterns: • Agouti- the hairs are “banded” with color and will usually have white “markings” • Tan – regular self color on top, lighter “markings” • Self - every hair on the rabbit is a single color, and there are no markings

29. Body Directions Relative location of the whole body or an organ is described through the use of pairs of contrasting body direction terms. Medial versus lateral: Medial is toward midline. Lateral is away from midline. medial lateral

30. Bell work Monday, Sept 30 • Define (with words) • Ventral • Dorsal • Cranial • Caudal • Transverse plane • Dorsal plane • Median plane • Medial • Lateral

31. So why use these words? • On the side of the back leg between the knee and the ankle Vs. • Find the tibia (located cranially on the lateral surface of the hindlimb) and then locate the gastrocnemius tendon (located caudally on the lateral surface of the hindlimb). The lateral saphenous vein runs diagonally between these two structures.

32. Lateral saphenous vein has been located

33. Lying Around The medical term for lying down is recumbent. Recumbent positions are then described based on the body part that is being laid upon: dorsal recumbency: lying on the back Sternal recumbency: lying on the sternum left lateral recumbency: lying on the left side right lateral recumbency: lying on the right side

34. Recumbency Positions

35. Movement Terms Adduction to move toward midline think “add” Abduction to move away from midline think child abduction, which means to take the child away

36. Movement Terms Flexion bending a joint or reducingthe angle between two bones Extension straightening a joint or increasing the angle between two bones

37. Hyperextension

38. Hyperflexion

39. Animals: Goats • Caprine – goat • Buck – intact male • Doe – intact female • Wether – neutered male • Kid – young goat • Kidding – giving birth • Herd – group of goats • Gestation – 150 days

40. …some basics • Goats are curious and intelligent. • They have a four-chambered stomach consisting of the rumen, the  reticulum, the omasum, and the abomasum. • They have horizontal slit shaped eyes. • Goats normally give birth to twins.

41. Some breeds • Meat goats – Savanna, Boer goats • Dairy goats- Alpine, La Mancha, Nubian • Fur/ fiber goats – Angora, Cashmere • Pets – Pygmy goat, Icelandic goat

42. Bell Work Tuesday Oct 1 • Match the following: • Cavy a. dog • Feline b. rabbit • Caprine c. guinea pig • Canine d. cat • Lagomorph e. goat • Label the following: • Cranial vs Caudal • Dorsal vs Ventral • Transverse Plane • Dorsal Plane • What position is the dog in?

43. • Sagittal plane – any body plane that is parallel tothe median plane.

44. Plantar and Palmar • Plantar- the bottom of the rear paw (pes) • Palmar-the bottom of the front paw (manus) PALMAR PLANTAR

45. Rostral • Means towards the nose • When talking about the head Rostral

46. Distal and Proximal Usually used with limbs/ extremities: Legs, tail, ears • Distal- further away from the body • Proximal – nearer to the body

47. Animals: Pigs • Porcine – pig • Boar-intact male • Sow-intact female • Barrow-neutered male • Gilt-young female • Piglet-young pig • Farrowing-giving birth • Herd- group of pigs • Gestation-3month, 3 weeks, 3 days

48. …some basics • Pigs can weigh 110-770 pounds • They are intelligent and have a strong sense of smell- they are trained to sniff out underground truffles in Europe • Pigs are very vocal • Four hoofed toes- the two middle bearing most of their weight

49. Pig Breeds • Pet Pigs: Pot Bellied Pigs, “Miniature” Pigs (Micro or Teacup) • Domestic Pig (for meat production): American Landrace, American Yorkshire, Berkshire, Hampshire, Old Spot

50. Quiz on Thursday • Will cover • Anatomical planes: Median, Transverse, Dorsal • Direction: Cranial, caudal, ventral, dorsal, lateral, medial • Lying down positions: Recumbency, Left and right lateral recumbency, sternal recumbency, dorsal recumbency • Goats, Rabbits, Dogs, Cats, Guinea Pigs