Application of e-Learning in Under-Graduated Medical Teaching A Systematic Review

1. Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina Introdução à Medicina Application of e-Learning in Under-Graduated Medical TeachingA Systematic Review Authors:Alves, S., Alves, C., Barbosa, R., Barreira, J., Cerdeira, M.E., Costa J., Figueiredo A. R.., Marques, M., Martins, A.C., Reis, B., Seixas, R. Supervisors:Mário Dinis Ribeiro, MD, PhD Altamiro Costa Pereira, MD, PhD

2. Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina Introdução à Medicina Third Presentation

3. Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina Introdução à Medicina Summary • Introduction • Aims • Methods • Results • Discussion

4. Introduction Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina Introdução à Medicina “E-Learning” = Electronic Learning Teaching  Potentialities of Technology1 “E-learning” – more than a software platform 1; - supports the act of learning 1;

5. Introduction Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina Introdução à Medicina • “E-learning” • A way to spread knowledge ( allowing availability); • Possibility of interaction (foruns and FAQ’s)

6. Introduction Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina Introdução à Medicina E-learning  UNDERGRADUATED MEDICAL TEACHING How can e-learning be helpful to med students?

7. Introduction Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina Introdução à Medicina • Supporting future doctors with access to the up-to-date medical knowledge; • Interactive model of learning  stimulates knowledge acquisition; • Also provides flexibility and collaboration.

8. Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina Introdução à Medicina Introduction • Aims • Tounderstand the importance • of e-learning in undergraduate • medical teaching; • To comprehend the impact that its use causes in the academical success.

9. Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina Introdução à Medicina Methods Type of study Systematic Review Target Population/ Units of Analysis Articles found in data bases

10. Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina Introdução à Medicina Methods Keywords • web-based learning ; • E-learning (electronic learning); • Medicine; • Medical Education; • Under-graduation;

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13. Local of Study (Country) Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina Introdução à Medicina Results

14. Year of Publication Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina Introdução à Medicina Results

15. Type of Study Type of Participants Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina Introdução à Medicina Results

16. Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina Introdução à Medicina Results

17. Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina Introdução à Medicina Results

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19. Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina Introdução à Medicina Results • 16 selected articles • Only 4 mentioned the pattern of utilisation: • Only 2 referred that the majority of students used to access the available resources, using the internet outside college, most of them at home. 17 • 1 article indicated that most students used to access the available contents during night period (39%) 13

20. Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina Introdução à Medicina Results • 16 selected articles • Only 2 mentioned students’ evaluation of E-learning: • 51% of students classified e-learning good/excellent;20 • Positive ratings for e-Learning – 96%; 17 • Positive ratings for traditional methods – 80%. 17

21. Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina Introdução à Medicina Discussion • Limitations • The lack of articles referring the pattern of utilisation. • The lack of articles referring the impact of E-learning in one’s academical success. • Implications • In a general way, students like using E-learning. • E-learning associated to the traditional teaching method.

22. Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina Introdução à Medicina Discussion • E-learning provides information in an easy and fast way. • It allows achieving the necessary academical skills in a faster way. • The economical costs of implementing E-learning are high. • The teachers aprehension of using this new tool when associated with under-graduated medical teaching.

23. Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina Introdução à Medicina Discussion • Future Aproach • E-learning is an always growing potentiality. • Future articles should refer the pattern of utilisation as well as the impact E-learning has in the academical success.

24. Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina Introdução à Medicina References 1. Vollmar HC, Schurer-Maly CC, Frahne J, Lelgemann M, Butzlaff M.,An e-learning platform for guideline implementation--evidence- and case-based knowledge translation via the Internet. Methods of Information in Medicine. 2006; 45(4): 389-96. 2. Harden RM., A new vision for distance learning and continuing medical education, The journal of continuing education in health professions, 2005, 25(1):43-51 3. Vozenilek J., Huff J. S., Reznek M., Gordon J. A. See One, Do One, Teach One: Advanced Technology in Medical Education. ACAD EMERG MED, 2004, Vol. 11, pp. 1149- 1154 4. Ruiz JG, Mintzer MJ, Leipzig RM., The impact of E-learning in medical education. Academic Medicine: journal of the association of American Medical Colleges. 2006; 81(3):207-12. 5. Curran VR, Fleet L., A review of evaluation outcomes of web-based continuing medical education, Medical education, 2005, 39(6):561-7

25. Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina Introdução à Medicina References • 6 . Harden RM, Hart IR, An international virtual medical school (IVIMEDS) the future for medical education, Medical Teacher, 2002 May;24(3):261-7 • 7 . Wilson AS, Goodall JE, Ambrosini G, Carruthers DM, Chan H, Ong SG, Gordon C, Young SP, Development of an interactive learning tool for teaching rheumatology - a simulated clinical case studies program, Rheumatology (Oxford), 2006 Sep;45(9):1158-61, Epub 2006 Mar 10 • 8 . Childs S, Blenkinsopp E, Hall A, Walton G, Effective e-learning for health professionals and students - barriers and their solutions. A systematic review of the literature--findings from the HeXL project, Health Information and Libraries Journal, 2005 Dec;22 Suppl 2:20-32 • 9 . Brunetaud JM, Leroy N, Pelayo S, Wascat C, Renard JM, Prin L, Beuscart-Zephir MC, Comparative evaluation of two applications for delivering a multimedia medical course in the French-speaking Virtual Medical University (UMVF), International Journal of Medical Informatics, 2005 Mar;74(2-4):209-12

26. Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina Introdução à Medicina References 10. Gotthardt M, Siegert MJ, Schlieck A, Schneider S, Kohnert A, Gross MW, Schafer C, Wagner R, Hormann S, Behr TM, Engenhart-Cabillic R, Klose KJ, Jungclas H, Glowalla U, How to successfully implement e-learning for both students and teachers, Academic Radiology. 2006 Mar;13(3):379-90 11. Healy DG, Fleming FJ, Gilhooley D, Felle P, Wood AE, Gorey T, McDermott EW, Fitzpatrick JM, O’Higgins NJ, Hill AD, Electronic learning can facilitate student performance in undergraduate surgical Education: o prospective observational study, BMC Medical Education. 2005 Jun 29;5:23 12 . Goettner P, Effective e-learning for healthcare, Health Management Technology. 2000 Dec; 21 (12):64, 63 13 . Nageswari KS, Malhotra AS, Kapoor N, Kaur G, Pedagogical effectiveness of innovative teaching methods initiated at the Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Chandigarh, Advances in Physiology Education, 2004 Dec;28(1-4):51-8 14 . Harden RM, Myths and e-learning, Medical Teacher, 2002 Sep;24(5):469-72 15 . Lau F, Bates J, A review of e-learning practices for undergraduate medical education, Journal of Medical Systems, 2004 Feb;28(1):71-87

27. Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina Introdução à Medicina References 16. Ruiz JG, Mintzer MJ, Leipzig RM, The impact of E-learning in medical education, Academic Medicine. 2006 Mar;81(3):207-12 17. de Maio M, Ferreira MC, Experience with tha first Internet-Based course at the Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo. 2001 May-Jun;56(3):69-74 • Link TM, Marz R, Computer literacy and attitudes towards e-learning among first year medical students,BMC Med Educ. 2006 Jun 19;6:34 • Bernardo V, Ramos MP, Plapler H, De Figueiredo LF, Nader HB, Ancao MS, Von Dietrich CP, Sigulem D, Web-based learning in undergraduate medical education: development and assessment of an online course on experimental surgery, International Journal of Medical Informatics. 2004 Sep;73(9-10):731-42 • Dornan T, Hadfield J, Brown M, Boshuizen H, Scherpbier A, How can medical students learn in a self-directed way in the clinical environment? Design-based research, Med Educ. 2005 Apr;39(4):356-64 21 Romanov K, Nevgi A, Learning outcomes in medical informatics: comparison of a WebCT course with ordinary web site learning material, International Journal of Medical Informatics, 2006 Feb;75(2):156-62. Epub 2005 Aug 5

29. Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina Introdução à Medicina Methods Query: ("Education, Medical/education"[MeSH] OR "Education, Medical/methods"[MeSH] OR "Education, Medical/statistics and numerical data"[MeSH]) * ("Education, Distance/classification"[MeSH] OR "Education, Distance/methods"[MeSH] OR "Education, Distance/statistics and numerical data"[MeSH]) OR ("e-learning" AND "medical education") OR ("web-based learning" AND "medical education") OR (“electronic learning” AND “medical education”) • Database’s research: PubMed • 188 articles in PubMed on 04/02/2007.

30. Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina Introdução à Medicina Methods Inclusion Criteria • We will include all the articles accessing the impact and the use of e-learning and medical under-graduated teaching.

31. Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina Introdução à Medicina Methods Exclusion Criteria • We will exclude articles in languages different from Portuguese, French, Spanish and English; • We will not accept articles related to dentistry and veterinary medicine; • We will not analyse articles that are not available in FMUP’s and IPO’s libraries as well as in databases. • We will excluded articles that only describes programs, treatments, systems and universities.

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35. Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina Introdução à Medicina Methods Full-articles’ reading and selection, using the inclusion and exclusion criteria again.

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