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PIXEL DETECTORS FOR GAMMA-RAY IMAGING IN BIOMEDICINE

PIXEL DETECTORS FOR GAMMA-RAY IMAGING IN BIOMEDICINE. HB Barber, LR Furenlid, WCJ Hunter, TE Peterson, SJ Taylor and JM Woolfenden. Center for Gamma-Ray Imaging University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85724. BIOMEDICAL IMAGING USING HYBRID

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PIXEL DETECTORS FOR GAMMA-RAY IMAGING IN BIOMEDICINE

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  1. PIXEL DETECTORS FOR GAMMA-RAY IMAGING IN BIOMEDICINE HB Barber, LR Furenlid, WCJ Hunter, TE Peterson, SJ Taylor and JM Woolfenden Center for Gamma-Ray Imaging University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85724

  2. BIOMEDICAL IMAGING USING HYBRID SEMICONDUCTOR DETECTOR ARRAYS • SMALL – ANIMAL IMAGING • CLINICAL SPOT IMAGER • GENERAL PURPOSE CLINICAL GAMMA CAMERA

  3. HYBRID DETECTOR ARRAY: • 2.7 cm x 2.7 cm x 0.2 cm slab of CdZnTe • 64 x 64 array (380 um pitch, 330 um size) • Reset gated integrator readout ASIC • Interconnect via indium bump bonding (Readout designed by F Augustine)

  4. PIXEL UNIT CELL

  5. SLAB OF DIGIRAD CdZnTe

  6. HYBRID - 29 IR-TRANSMISSION MAP X-RAY RESPONSE MAP

  7. ASIC WAFERS ---------- Dalsa DETECTOR WAFERS -------------------- eV Products HYBRID DETECTOR PIPELINE WAFER PROBING ------------- U of AZ SELECTION Infrared Mapping Gamma Mapping --------------- U of AZ WAFER INDIUM BUMPS ------------------- Advanced Packaging Solutions USEABLE HYBRID PIXEL ELECTRODES ------------------ eV Products WAFER DICING ------------- U of AZ DETECTOR INDIUM BUMPS ----------------------- Grumman/Litton EOS SUCCESS HYBRIDIZATION ---------------- Advanced Packaging Solutions & U of AZ MOUNTINGWIREBONDINGTESTING --------------- U of AZ RECYCLING ----------------- eV Products & U of AZ FAILURE

  8. INFRARED TRANSMISSION MAPPER

  9. GAMMA-RAY RESPONSE MAPPER

  10. CAESAR TEST CRITERIA: GradeFunctionality A > 99 % or 100 % recoverable * B > 85 % C > 75 % D > 35 % F < 35 % or non-functional * Recoverable using a 3 x 3 median-window filter

  11. RESULTS OF CEASAR TESTS: Total of 27 recent hybrids produced in the pipeline, all from CdZnTe wafers that passed selection criteria. GRADENUMBER A 11 B 4 C 5 D 3 F 4 63 % of grades B – F had hybridization failures

  12. A B EXAMPLES OF HYBRIDS OF DIFFERENT GRADES FROM CEASAR TESTS C D F

  13. Stability RATIO OF TWO FLOOD IMAGES TAKEN 24 HOURS APART

  14. SPOT IMAGER

  15. HIGH-RESOLUTION PARALLEL-HOLE COLLIMATOR (TECOMET) • FABRICATED BY PHOTLITHOGRAPHY • MATERIAL : TUNGSTEN • COLLIMATOR BORE LENGTH = 7 mm • BORE SIZE = 260 um (SQUARE) • COLLIMATOR PITCH = 380 um • COLLIMATOR EFFICIENCY = 5 x 10 -5

  16. Mouse Bone Scan Imaging

  17. Dual Modality System:Housing X-ray Detector CdZnTe Detector Animal Holder Mechanical Shutter X-ray Tube Kastis et al., “Compact CT/SPECT Small-Animal Imaging System,” IEEE NSS-MIC, Norfolk, VA, Nov. 2002.

  18. Animal Imaging CT Reconstructions SPECT Reconstructions Kastis et al., “Compact CT/SPECT Small-Animal Imaging System,” IEEE NSS-MIC, Norfolk, VA, Nov. 2002.

  19. SemiSPECT: • 8 Hybrid Detectors • Multiple Pinholes • 23 Degree Rotation • Vertical vs Horizontal • New Electronics (FPGAs) • Dynamic SPECT • List Mode Readout (Peterson, et al. to be presented at IEEE NSS/MIC Norfolk, VA 2002)

  20. SemiSPECT

  21. CONCLUSIONS: • Demonstrated high-resolution small-animal imaging (planar and SPECT). • Demonstrated hybrid detectors with > 99 % functional pixels. • Further effort needed on spectroscopy performance and stability. • Cost and hybrid detector yield are still a problem.

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