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System of storage

System of storage. فؤاد اسامه محمد النجار 220090021. Central Processing Unit (CPU) Manipulates symbols, numbers, and letters Controls other parts of the computer system. The CPU and Primary Storage. Primary Storage Temporarily stores program instructions

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System of storage

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  1. System of storage فؤاد اسامه محمد النجار 220090021

  2. Central Processing Unit (CPU) • Manipulates symbols, numbers, and letters • Controls other parts of the computer system The CPU and Primary Storage

  3. Primary Storage • Temporarily stores program instructions • Data being used by the instructions The CPU and Primary Storage

  4. COMPUTER HARDWARE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE

  5. Stores • Software program being executed • Operating system programs • Data being used by program Primary Storage

  6. Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU): performs the computer’s principal logic and arithmetic operations • Control Unit: coordinates and controls the other parts of the computer system CPU

  7. RAM: Directly accesses any randomly chosen location in the same amount of time • ROM: Semiconductor memory chips with program instructions, cannot be written to Primary Storage

  8. Microprocessors and Processing Power • Integrated circuit technology • Integrates the computer’s memory, logic, and control on a single chip Computer Processing

  9. Parallel Processing • Problem broken down into smaller parts • Multiple instructions processed simultaneously with multiple processors Computer Processing

  10. COMPUTER HARDWARE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE

  11. Magnetic disk: Floppy disk, Hard disk • Optical disks: CD-ROM, DVDs • Magnetic tape: Inexpensive, older secondary-storage medium • New storage alternatives: Storage Area Networks (SANs) Secondary Storage Technology

  12. COMPUTER HARDWARE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE

  13. Batch processing • Transactions accumulated and stored until processing Online processing • Transactions are entered directly into computer and processed immediately Batch and Online Input and Processing

  14. COMPUTER HARDWARE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE

  15. Integrates two or more types of media into a computer-based application • Used in interactive Web pages with graphics, sound, animation, video Interactive Multimedia

  16. Mainframes: Largest computer, massive memory, rapid processing power • Midrange computers: Less powerful, less expensive, and smaller than a mainframe • Server: Provides software and other resources to computers over a network Classifying Computers

  17. Minicomputers: Middle-range computer, used in universities, factories, or research laboratories • ServerFarm: Large group of servers maintained by a commercial vendor, available for electronic commerce and other activities Classifying Computers

  18. Personal Computer (PC): Small desktop or portable computer • Workstation: Desktop computer with powerful graphics and mathematical capabilities • Supercomputer: Highly sophisticated and powerful, performs complex computations Classifying Computers

  19. Computer Networks and Client/Server Computing • Distributed processing: Distribution of processing work among multiple computers • Centralized processing: Accomplished by one large central computer • Client/server computing: Splits processing between “clients” and “servers” on network

  20. TYPES OF SOFTWARE The Major Types of Software • Software program: Series of statements or instructions to the computer • System software: Generalized programs, manages computer’s resources • Application software: Programs written to perform functions specified by end users

  21. TYPES OF SOFTWARE System Software and PC Operating Systems • Functions of the operating system • Allocates and assigns system resources • Schedules use of computer resources • Monitors computer system activities • Provides locations in primary memory for data and programs • Controls the input and output devices

  22. TYPES OF SOFTWARE System Software and PC Operating Systems • Multiprogramming • Executes two or more programs concurrently using the same computer • CPU executes only one program but services the input/output needs of others

  23. TYPES OF SOFTWARE System Software and PC Operating Systems • Multitasking • Multiprogramming capability of single-user operating systems • Virtual Storage • Handles programs more efficiently by dividing the programs into small fixed or variable length

  24. TYPES OF SOFTWARE System Software and PC Operating Systems • Time Sharing • Sharing of computer resources by many users simultaneously • Multiprocessing • Executing two or more instructions simultaneously in a single computer using multiple central processing units

  25. TYPES OF SOFTWARE System Software and PC Operating Systems • Language translation and utility • software • Translates high-level language programs into machine language

  26. TYPES OF SOFTWARE PC Operating Systems and Graphical User Interfaces • GUIs in contemporary PC operating systems • Windows XP • Microsoft’s Windows 98 and Me • Windows 2000

  27. TYPES OF SOFTWARE Application Software and Programming Languages • Programming languages: evolved from machine language to high-level languages for business and scientific work • Important programming languages for business today: COBOL, C, C++, and Visual Basic

  28. TYPES OF SOFTWARE Fourth-Generation Languages • Fourth-generation language: Can help end users develop software with little or no assistance from IS specialists • Natural languages: Close to human language • Query languages: Provide immediate online answers to requests

  29. The end

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