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The Chemistry of Life

The Chemistry of Life. - the basics and biological molecules. Essential Questions :. What is matter? Which elements are most abundant in living things? What are the four major classes of biological molecules?. Chemistry for 2000 years.

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The Chemistry of Life

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  1. The Chemistry of Life - the basics and biological molecules.

  2. Essential Questions: • What is matter? • Which elements are most abundant in living things? • What are the four major classes of biological molecules?

  3. Chemistry for 2000 years • Around 450 B.C., a Greek philosopher named Empedocles proposed that all matter was made of four “elements”—air, earth, fire, and water. He thought that all other matter was a combination of two or more of these four elements. The idea of four elements was so convincing that people believed it for more than 2,000 years.

  4. Chemistry Today • Thanks to many scientists, including Mendeleev, we define matter as anything that has mass & takes up space. • Mass being the “muchness” of stuff; and the space it occupies is measured by volume. • Weight is mass with the force of gravity.

  5. Chemistry Today cont… • Pure substances that can not be broken down anymore are elements. • Ex: Au, Ag, H, O, N, C, Zn, etc… • Today, we know just over 100. • Elements have basic representative particles called atoms. Atoms have three parts: protons (+), neutrons (n) & electrons (-).

  6. Atoms/elements combine to form molecules and/or compounds. • A molecule is a particle made of two or more atoms. • A compound is a pure substance of two or more elements chemically combined. • A mixture is two or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined.

  7. Solid: definite volume & shape. • Liquid: definite volume, no shape of it’s own. • Gas: neither definite volume nor shape.

  8. Not randomly designed. • Trends are present • Ex: Atomic size, ionization energy, atomic radii

  9. HONC CaP • Close to 99% of all living material (matter) is made from only 6 special elements: • Hydrogen [H] • Oxygen [O] • Nitrogen [N] • Carbon [C] • Calcium [Ca] • Phosphorus [P] • Organic matter must contain both C & H.

  10. Review: Atom Compound Electron Element Gas Liquid Mass Matter Mixture Molecule Neutron Proton Solid Volume Weight New/Review: Amino acid Carbohydrate Cellulose Glucose Lipid Nucleic acid (RNA, DNA) Organic pH Protein Important Vocabulary

  11. High School Challenge: • What is ATP? • What role does ATP play in cells? (give examples) • Correctly sketch Glucose. • Correctly draw the following functional groups: • Hydrogen • Hydroxyl • Carboxyl • Amino • Phosphate • Methyl

  12. Carbohydrates-sugars & starches Glucose

  13. Carbohydrates

  14. Proteins-building blocks: amino acids. Keratin

  15. Proteins

  16. Lipids-building blocks: fatty acids

  17. Lipids

  18. Nucleic acids-building blocks: nucleotides

  19. Nucleic acids

  20. Are there other acids?

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