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Genetics EOC Remediation

Genetics EOC Remediation. Some definitions to know. Gregor Mendel - the Father of Genetics Trait - a characteristic that can be passed to offspring Genotype – the pair of genes that make up a trait (one from mom, one from dad) Aa, AA, aa Phenotype – What the trait looks like

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Genetics EOC Remediation

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  1. Genetics EOC Remediation

  2. Some definitions to know • Gregor Mendel - the Father of Genetics • Trait - a characteristic that can be passed to offspring • Genotype – the pair of genes that make up a trait (one from mom, one from dad) • Aa, AA, aa • Phenotype – What the trait looks like • Black or brown fur color

  3. Independent assortment means that genes are separated during meiosis, and each egg and sperm is unique.

  4. Punnett squares are used to predict the genotype and phenotype of the offspring

  5. Punnet Squares and Ratios

  6. A test cross is used to determine the genotype of an unknown parent

  7. Types of Dominance • Complete • One allele is dominant and one is recessive • B allele for black fur • b allele for brown fur • If the genotype is Bb, the fur would be black, because black is dominant

  8. Flower Red is dominant White is recessive Cross a homozygous dominant red flower with a heterozygous red flower. What are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios? Seeds Green is dominant Yellow is recessive Cross a homozygous recessive yellow seed with a homozygous dominant green seed. What are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios? Practice crosses

  9. Types of Dominance • Incomplete • When neither allele is dominant and the phenotype is intermediate or a blend of the two alleles. R is the allele for red flowers R’ is the allele for white flowers The genotype RR’ would produce pink flowers

  10. Incomplete Dominance • Long water melon (LL) * Round watermelon (L’L’) • Do the cross • What is the genotypic ratio? • What is the phenotypic ratio? • Remember – The phenotype in this case has 3 possibilities, LL long : L’L’ round: LL’ oval

  11. Types of Dominance • Codominance • When both alleles are dominant and each allele is expressed in the trait Type AB blood has both A and B antigens on it

  12. Punnet Square For Blood Types IA IB i i

  13. Multiple alleles more than 2 forms of a gene Bloodtype alleles IA IB i Polygenic inheritance When two or more genes work together to give you one trait Ex. Hair and eye color Multiple alleles vs. polygenic inheritance

  14. XX = normal female XhX = carrrier female XhXh =hemophiliac female A female who is a carrier does not have that trait! She is not sick at all. She won’t even know that she carries that gene. XY = normal male XhY = hemophiliac male Males only have I X chromosome. They cannot be carriers. This is why sex linked disorders are more common in men Sex linked genes are on the sex chromosomes(colorblindness and hemophilia)

  15. Pedigrees show the inheritance of traits through families

  16. Hemophilia – Offspring of Queen Victoria

  17. Chromosome map shows all the genes on single chromosome

  18. Karyotypes show the complete set of chromosomes that a human has

  19. Biotechnology • Gel electrophoresis • Used in DNA fingerprinting to match DNA at a crime scene with a suspect.

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