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Basic Genetics Remediation

Basic Genetics Remediation. Meiosis. Cells go through Meiosis in order to make Sex Cells Sex cells are also called Gametes Four Daughter Cells are created Haploid (1N). Crossover. When the chromosomes touch they switch genetic information  CROSSOVER

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Basic Genetics Remediation

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  1. Basic Genetics Remediation

  2. Meiosis • Cells go through Meiosis in order to make Sex Cells • Sex cells are also called Gametes • Four Daughter Cells are created • Haploid (1N)

  3. Crossover • When the chromosomes touch they switch genetic information CROSSOVER • Causes genetic variation in the resulting gametes

  4. Mendel’s Laws • Rule of Dominance- When the allelic combination of capital and lowercase come togetherthe capital allele is stronger and is seen in the offspring • Law of Independent Assortment- Different traits found on the alleles are inherited and assorted independently from each other--> Remember in meiosis the chromosomes separate independently from each other • Law of Segregation- Two alleles for each trait must separate when the gametes are formed. The parent will pass on only one allele for each trait to each offspring during meiosis

  5. Basic Genetics Vocabulary • Allele – each form of a gene for a certain trait (R or r) • Gene – sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait • Genotype – combination of alleles for a given trait (RR or Rr or rr) • Phenotype – Appearance of trait (round seeds or wrinkled seeds) • Homozygous - when you have 2 of the same alleles for a given trait (RR or rr) • Heterozygous – when you have 2 different alleles for a trait (Rr)

  6. Incomplete Dominance • Incomplete Dominance One allele is not completely dominant over the other – something in the middle is expressed Ex. Red and White Snapdragons Result can be heterozygous (Rr) or two separate dominant alleles (RW) each resulting in a mixture of both

  7. Codominance • Codominance Both alleles are expressed in the phenotype Ex. Cow Hair Color RR – Red WW – White RW – Roan (Red & White)

  8. Codominance- Multiple alleles • Multiple Alleles Genes have more then two alleles Ex. Blood Type Type A blood- AA or AO alleles A is dominant to O Type B blood- BB or BO alleles B is dominant to O Type AB- codominant- A and B alleles A nor B is dominant so both are expressed on organisms RBC Type O- recessive- OO alleles Both alleles must be recessive in order to have type O.

  9. Sex- Linked Traits • Male – XY and Females – XX • The 23rd pair of chromosomes will determine the gender of an individual

  10. Sex- Linked Traits • C – Normal Vision and c - Colorblind • Normal Male x Carrier Female . Sex linked alleles will ALWAYS be tracked on the X chromosome ONLY XY X X

  11. Pedigrees • A pedigree is a chart of the genetic history of family over several generations. Dominant Pedigree: • one OR both of the parents must have the disorder in a majority of the family generations and many offspring have it Recessive Pedigree: • parent DONT have the disorder • but it can be seen in the offspring (skips a generation)

  12. Pedigrees • Dominant

  13. Pedigrees • Recessive

  14. What type is this?

  15. Dominant

  16. What type is this?

  17. Recessive

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