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Explore the origins of agriculture and the rise of the first river-valley civilizations, including Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley. Discover the advancements in technology, society, and religious beliefs that characterized these ancient civilizations.
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Chapter 1 From the Origins of Agriculture to the First River-Valley Civilizations, 8000–1500 B.C.E.
Before Civilization • Food Gathering and Stone Technology • The Agricultural Revolutions • Life in Neolithic Communities
Mesopotamia • Settled Agriculture in an Unstable Landscape • Cities, Kings, and Trade • Mesopotamian Society • Gods, Priests, and Temples • Technology and Science
Egypt • The Land of Egypt: “Gift of the Nile” • Divine Kingship • Administration and Communication • The People of Egypt • Belief and Knowledge
The Indus Valley Civilization • Natural Environment • Material Culture • Transformation of the Indus Valley Civilization