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Vintage and Military Radio IAIN MOFFAT G0OZS

Explore the world of vintage and military radios, from the early wood and brass models to the modern electronic designs. Learn about the evolution of radio technology and the differences between military and amateur radio requirements. Discover the characteristics and capabilities of Clansman radios used in military operations.

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Vintage and Military Radio IAIN MOFFAT G0OZS

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  1. Vintage and Military Radio IAIN MOFFAT G0OZS Draft A Prepared for the Leiston Radio Club – 13th March 2018

  2. What is Vintage Radio ? • Cars are considered vintage from before 1930 and Classic if more than 30 years old. • Radios seem to be treated as vintage if they have valves or germanium transistors in. • Most people would agree that pre-1970 sets are definitely vintage. • Increasingly the first generation of “Japanese Black Boxes” are considered vintage or at least classics. • Because the military required huge numbers of sets and kept them for a long time with spares and manuals they have survived better than most.

  3. Generations of Radios • Spark Era – 1880s to 1915 – all wood and brass • Early Valves – 1915 to 1930s – wooden breadboards • 1930s – Octal valves, metal chassis • WW2 – miniature and subminiature valves • 1950s – subminiature valves, early semiconductors • 1960s-70s – printed circuits, transistors, early ICs • 1980s to date – modern electronics !

  4. UK Radio Industry Family Tree

  5. Post WW2 Military Radio Time Line Analogue FM/AM Digital SynthFM/SSB. Hopping + Crypto Analogue Synth. Fixed Freq+ Crypto True SDR Analogue AM/CW Analogue FM/SSB

  6. MILITARY Skeds and Nets only DF is a hazard Security matters No band limits Wideband Antennas (Trans)portable Mostly Omnidirectional Broadband Solid Copy Wanted 24V supply As little training as possible ! Military Vs Amateur Requirements • AMATEUR • Free Tuning on HF • DF is Fun • No secret codes • Fixed bands • Optimised Antennas • Permanent • Rotatable • Pre-Tuned • Weak DX wanted • 12V supply • Skilled operators

  7. Military Radio Design Objectives • Fixed frequency channelised operation • Suitable for unskilled VHF operators • Simple tuning on HF • Compatible with RTTY/Data terminals • Usable with secure speech terminals • Electrically & Mechanically indestructible • Easy to use without artificial lights • Fully interchangeable audio accessories • Standard military power supplies

  8. Clansman operating differences • Preset tuning with decade switches • 100Hz steps on HF • No free tuning – better to call CQ, use 2nd RX or make skeds • 25KHz steps on VHF (so only 100KHz channels usable on 6m) • Dials indicate centre frequency – so +2KHz of carrier on HF SSB • Dials have end stops (so can set frequency and mode in the dark) • USB only on HF and FM only on VHF • Sets can have 2nd CIO added easily and cheaply for LSB • 150Hz CTCSS on VHF • Heard as severe hum on older Ham receivers without CTCSS • Most Clansman receivers need 150Hz or S9 carrier to open • Can be adjusted to interwork with Amateur sets at cost of rebroadcast • Slow AGC recovery • HF sets can seem deaf in presence of intermittent QRM • ATU provided with HF and VHF fixed/mobile • Auto ATU on VHF and Manual ATU on HF

  9. The Clansman Radios • RT320 – HF manpack 30W AM/USB/CW • RT321 – HF Mobile/Fixed 40W AM/USB/CW • RT322 – RT321 with 250W Valve Linear and Tuner • RT349 – 36-46MHz FM handheld 250mw • RT350 – 30-56MHz lightweight backpack 2W • RT351 – 30-76MHz backpack 4W • RT351M – 30-76MHz backpack with wide audio • RT352 – RT351 with 25W FM only amplifier • RT353 - 30-80MHz Mobile/Fixed 50W FM & Data

  10. RT349 VHF FM Portable • No amateur bands • 36-46MHz by 25KHz steps • Very low power • 250mw • 12V NiCad or 10xAA cells • A good paperweight ...

  11. RT350 VHF FM Portable • Lighter than 351/2 • More power than 349 • 30-56MHz by 25KHz steps • Only covers 6m band • 2 Watts Output • Micro-BNC connector • Unique 14V Battery • Can also use C-Cells but cases are unreliable

  12. RT351, RT351M and 352 VHF FM Manpacks • 4M and 6M coverage • 25KHz steps only • FM only • Remote operation • 3KM range using D10 pair • Use 2 as x-band repeater • 351M has 8KHz audio • 352 sets 20-30W output • NiCd batteries only • Extension cables can be adapted ...

  13. RT353 VHF Fixed/Mobile • Hybrid Valve/IC design • Motorised Tuning • 4m and 6m bands • FM wide & Narrow • 25KHz steps • FM & 16KHz data • 0.5 to 50W output • 24V 12A supply • Fan Cooled – LOUD !

  14. RT320 HF Manpack CW/AM/SSB • Man-Portable HF Radio • 2-30MHz • 30W or 5W • AM, CW & USB • Builtin ATU • Optimised for end fed antennas • BNC output not tuned • Works well with 321 25W ATU for coax fed antennas • Very sensitive RX • Single Conversion 1.75MHz IF

  15. RT321 HF Mobile SSB/AM/CW • HF Fixed/Mobile • 5 or 40W from 1.5-30MHz • CW, AM, USB • Uses external manual ATU “TURF25W” • Prefers ¼ wave and electrically short antenna • Dual Conversion • 1.75MHz final IF and Variable 1st IF at 37 and 43MHz • Digital synthesiser with Varicap Tuning • Internal mechanical preselector • 5s tuning delay on 1KHz and larger steps • Easily disabled for steps up to 100KHz • Optional external BPF “SURF25W” • Silent – no fans ! • 35KG with SURF and TURF • 24V @ 10A on TX, 3A RX • Optional 250W PA makes station UK/VRC-322

  16. RT322 • Adds RF Amp 250Wand TURF 250W to RT321 driver • Manually tuned • TURF-250W is a very good ATU • Coax or end fed antennas • Air cooled • VERY loud • Single Valve tetrode PA • 300W output on 80M • Requires 24V @ 50A !!

  17. Antennas • Use BNC and C connectors • C-Type is N-sized BNC • Hard to get  but adapters exist • Whip Antennas • Use 2 x 1M with TUUAM auto-atu for VHF • Use 3 x 1m or 4 x 1m at the halt for HF • HF Dipoles • Centres are not BALUNs • Coiled wires act as end loading • VHF ground spike • End fed ½ wave - add elements to tune • VHF Pineapple • Wideband 30-80MHz sleeve dipole • “Washing Line” • Properly “Ground Mounted Monopole” • Is really a Ground Mounted Discone • Inverted V • Is really an end fed ½ Rhombic

  18. Batteries • The 351, 319 and 320 can use: • 24V 1AH Ni-Cad - used with hand generator • 24V 4AH Ni-Cad – standard manpack battery • 24V 16AH LiSO2 – Long patrol non-rechargeable • The 321 and 353 used • 110AH signals batteries in vehicles • or the 50A PSU in fixed locations.

  19. Chargers • DCCU • 14V and 24V versions • Charge 24V batteries • Can power slow charger platesfor 349 & 350 batteries • ACCU • Charge 16 x 24V 4AH • IBMS • Microprocessor Controlled • Charge Anything ! • Hand Generator • Used with 1AH battery

  20. Audio • Standard 7 pin plug • 600 ohm balanced in • Ground PTT to TX • 60 ohm output • Separate L & R earpiece connections • Morse key operates PTT • Headsets, Handsets and Speaker/Mic available • Handset includes PTT • Headset uses separate inline PTTbox • Single ear PTT/Mic/Speaker with built in PTT • 2 wire remote interface used for • Remote Handset/PTT • Remote Combining unit and standard headset • RTTY Modem

  21. Foreign Counterparts • RT-320 • German SE6861 • US PRC-47 and PRC-105 • Yugoslav RUP-20 (Collins PRC-515) • Soviet R-143 • RT321/322 • USA GRC-106 • RT-353 • Soviet R123 • German SEM-25 • US VRC-12 • US PRC-25/77 with VIU • RT-349 • USA PRC-68 • RT350 • Czech RF10 • German FSE38/58 • RT351/2 • USA PRC-25 and PTC-77 • French ER-95 (Italian RV-3) • German SEM-35

  22. Web Sites • Vintage & Military ARS: www.vmars.org.uk • WS No. 19 Group: www.royalsignals.org.uk • Radionerds: www.radionerds.com (US Technical Manuals) • Army Radio Sales Co. www.armyradio.com (UK Dealer) • Withams: www.mod-sales.com (UK main disposal route) • Radiosurplus: www.radiosurplus.it (US, German, French & USSR) • Crypto Museum: www.cryptomuseum.com (also a lot of radio info) • Greenradio: www.greenradio.de (DH4PY’s website) • PA3ECT: www.pa3ect.eu • My Web Site: https://moffatig.plus.com/g0ozs/

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