Unit 1

1. Unit 1 Properties of Fluids

2. What is a Fluid? • Is any matter that flows without restrictions or barriers….often misunderstood • Examples?

3. What is a Fluid? • Is any matter that flows without restrictions or barriers….often misunderstood • Examples? • Gases

4. What is a Fluid? • Is any matter that flows without restrictions or barriers….often misunderstood • Examples? • Gases • Liquids

5. What is a Fluid? • Is any matter that flows without restrictions or barriers….often misunderstood • Examples? • Gases • Liquids • Solids

6. What is a Fluid? • Is any matter that flows without restrictions or barriers….often misunderstood • Examples? • Gases • Liquids • Solids • Significant Fluid Characteristic : fluids will conform to the shape of the container that they are placed in.

7. Fluid Properties Solubility – is the property of a solid, liquid, or gaseouschemical substance called solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid, or gaseoussolvent to form a homogeneous solution

8. Fluid Properties Solubility – is the property of a solid, liquid, or gaseouschemical substance called solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid, or gaseoussolvent to form a homogeneous solution Flammability- is defined as how easily something will burn or ignite

9. Fluid Properties Solubility – is the property of a solid, liquid, or gaseouschemical substance called solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid, or gaseoussolvent to form a homogeneous solution Flammability- is defined as how easily something will burn or ignite. Gravity- is primarily horizontal flow of a fluidss in a gravitational field that is driven by a density differences.

10. Importance? Safety – prevent dangerous situations within a system

11. Importance? • Safety – prevent dangerous situations within a system. • Prediction – operators can anticipate changes (variables) within the system before they happen. • So what are some Process Variables that may have a direct effect on fluids within a plant?

12. Process Variables Temperature – critical in the separation of fluids

13. Process Variables Temperature – critical in the separation of fluids Pressure – uniform force applied by fluids within a contained space by a fluid

14. Process Variables Temperature – critical in the separation of fluids Pressure – uniform force applied by fluids within a contained space by a fluid Level – volume of fluid

15. Process Variables Temperature – critical in the separation of fluids Pressure – uniform force applied by fluids within a contained space by a fluid Level – volume of fluid Flow – rate at which fluid is allowed to move

16. Temperature • Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin are the thee scales • Natural Gas Process Industry most typically uses Fahrenheit • Critical Temperature is the highest temperature at which phase changes for liquids and gases can occur for a substance. • In other words: determines whether a fluid is a gas or a liquid • Sensible vs Latent Heat • Sensible: changes the Temperature of a fluid without phase change. • Why the word “Sensible”? It can be “sensed” by a thermometer. • Latent: is the heat responsible for the phase change of a fluid.

17. British Thermal Units • BTU = amount of heat needed to raise one pound of water an increment of one degree Fahrenheit. • So….. If you had one pound of water at 100◦ F and you want to raise the temperature to 212◦F…….how many Btu’s would be required?

18. British Thermal Units • BTU = amount of heat needed to raise one pound of water an increment of one degree Fahrenheit. • So….. If you had one pound of water at 100◦ F and you want to raise the temperature to 212◦F…….how many Btu’s would be required? • ∆ T = 212◦ -100◦ = 112◦ Therefore you would need 112 BTU’s and this would be Sensible Heat. • But what if you now want to convert the water to steam????

19. British Thermal Units • BTU = amount of heat needed to raise one pound of water an increment of one degree Fahrenheit. • So….. If you had one pound of water at 100◦ F and you want to raise the temperature to 212◦F…….how many Btu’s would be required? • ∆ T = 212◦ -100◦ = 112◦ Therefore you would need 112 BTU’s and this would be Sensible Heat. • But what if you now want to convert the water to steam???? • That same volume of water would require an additional 1000 BTU’s to be completely converted to steam. • What is weird is that your thermometer would still read 212◦ F until there is a complete phase change = Latent Heat • Specific Heat