AKS 47: World War II

1. AKS 47:World War II Chapter 32 – Pages 925-951

2. Early Challenges to World PeaceSept. 1931: Japan Invades Manchuria; Withdraws from League of Nations • World Reaction?: • W. nations did not want to get involved b/c they had their own problems to deal with • Result: • Continue aggression

4. Early Challenges to World PeaceOct. 1935: Italy invades Ethiopia • World Reaction?: • League of Nations ordered sanctions against Italy • Refused to sell them weapons, continued to sell them oil • Refused to get involved for fear of another conflict • Result: • Italy defeated Ethiopia

6. Early Challenges to World Peace • July 1936: • Spanish Civil War Begins • March 1936: • German troops occupy Rhineland • Oct. 1936 • Hitler & Mussolini sign Rome-Berlin Axis • July 1937: • Japan invades China

7. Early Challenges to World PeaceSept. 1938: Munich Conference • Hitler promised British Prime Minister Chamberlain he would leave Europe alone if given Sudetenland (appeasement)

8. Early Challenges to World PeaceSept. 1938: Munich Conference • Oct. 1938 – Germany occupies Sudetenland • 6 Months Later – Takes all of Czechoslovakia – clear at this point appeasement won’t work

9. Early Challenges to World PeaceAug. 1939: Hitler & Stalin sign Nazi-Soviet Pact • Advantages for Hitler: • Removal of threat of attack from the east • Division of Poland • Advantages for Stalin: • Division of Poland • Takeover of Finland & Baltic countries • Safety from German attack

10. Early Challenges to World PeaceSept. 1, 1939: Germany invades Poland • Hitler’s Strategy: • Blitzkrieg – “lightning war” • Use fast-moving mechanized weapons • Planes, Tanks, Artillery, Infantry – all at ONCE!!! • Poland fell in ONE month!

11. Early Challenges to World PeaceSept. 3, 1939: Britain & France Declare War on Germany WORLD WAR II OFFICIALLY BEGINS!!!

13. The European CampaignApril 1940: Hitler invades Denmark & Norway; Heads for France • Hitler’s Plan: • Pave a way to France & distract Allies by invading Holland, Belgium, & Luxembourg, then send massive force through the Ardennes Forest

14. The European CampaignJune 1940: France Surrenders • What Happened at Dunkirk?: • Britain rescued Allied soldiers stranded at Dunkirk & ferried them to safety across the English Channel

15. The European CampaignJuly 1940: Battle of Britain • What Happened?: • German Luftwaffe (Air Force) bombed British cities for 3 months • Goal: Hitler wanted to destroy British morale before invading • Outcome: • RAF fighters & British resistance forced Germany to call off the attack – Hitler could be stopped!

16. The European Campaign • Sept. 1940 • Italy moves to seize Egypt & Suez Canal • Feb. 1941 • Hitler sends Gen. Rommel to help Italian troops seize Egypt & Suez Canal

17. The European CampaignJune 1941: Hitler Invades Soviet Union • Why?: • Hitler wanted the territory • Felt his army was capable of fighting a war on two fronts (Eastern Front in USSR & and Western in France)

18. Warm-Up

19. The European CampaignJuly 1942: Battle of El Alamein • What Happened?: • Gen. Montgomery vs. Gen. Rommel • Forced Rommel and his forces to retreat westward from Egypt • Operation Torch: Gen. Eisenhower arrived with American troops in N. Africa

21. The European CampaignJuly 1942: Battle of El Alamein • Result: • Trapped Rommel’s forces b/w American & British & finally defeated Rommel’s Afrika Korps

22. The European CampaignJuly 1942-Feb.1943: Battle of Stalingrad • Outcome: • Hitler attacked, Soviets eventually put German forces on defensive with Soviets pushing them westward

23. The European CampaignJuly 1942-Feb.1943: Battle of Stalingrad • Comparison to Napoleon: • In both invasions, Russia’s terrible winter & its strategy of destroying everything in the enemy’s path created severe hardships for the invaders

24. The European CampaignSept. 1943: Invasion of Italy • Outcome: • Resulted in Allied conquest of Sicily & forced eventual surrender of Italy

25. The European Campaign • Nov.-Dec. 1943 • Tehran Conference

26. Tehran ConferenceWhen? • November 28-December 1, 1943

27. Tehran ConferenceMembers Present? • Franklin Roosevelt (USA) • Winston Churchill (Britain) • Joseph Stalin (USSR)

28. Tehran ConferencePurpose of Meeting? • Coordinate military strategy against Germany & Japan • Decide on important issues of post-WWII era

29. Tehran ConferenceWhat was decided? • Coordination of D-Day invasion • Poland’s post-war borders • First discussions about splitting up Germany into zones of occupation • First discussions of the future United Nations between Stalin & FDR • *Many issues left for final decisions at later conferences

30. The European CampaignJune 6, 1944: D-Day Invasion • Outcome: • 800,000 Allies landed at Normandy Beach • Opened a 2nd front in Europe • Led to liberation of France, Belgium, Luxembourg, & much of Netherlands from Nazi occupation

31. The European CampaignDec. 1944: Battle of the Bulge • Outcome: • German’s final attack in Ardennes Forest • Patton marched his army 100 miles in 2 days & attacked w/ 3 division to save the line • Resulted in heavy losses for Hitler

32. The European Campaign • Feb. 1945: • Yalta Conference

33. Yalta ConferenceWhen? • February 4-11, 1945

34. Yalta ConferenceMembers Present? • Franklin Roosevelt (USA) • Winston Churchill (Britain) • Joseph Stalin (USSR)

35. Yalta ConferencePurpose of Meeting? • Make final decisions about the end of the war

36. Yalta ConferenceWhat was decided? • Divide Germany into 4 zones controlled by Allied military forces • Germany must pay the USSR • Stalin agreed to join war against Japan 90 days after end of war in Europe • Stalin promised free elections in Eastern Europe

37. The European CampaignApril 1945: Leaders Fall • Italy: • Mussolini captured & killed by Italians • USA: • April 12: President Roosevelt dies & Vice-President Harry Truman becomes President • Germany: • April 30: Hitler & other top Nazis commit suicide

38. The European Campaign • May 8, 1945: • V-E Day (Victory in Europe) • Germany surrenders • July-Aug. 1945 • Potsdam Conference

39. Warm-Up

40. Pacific CampaignDec. 7, 1941: Japan Bombs Pearl Harbor • What Happened? • Japanese launched surprise attack sinking or damaging almost the entire U.S. Pacific fleet – used kamikazes (suicide pilots)

41. Pacific CampaignDec. 7, 1941: Japan Bombs Pearl Harbor • Outcome of the Attack? • U.S. declares war on Japan

42. Pacific CampaignDec. 1941-May 1942: Battle of the Philippines • What Happened? • Japan invaded Philippine Islands • Filipinos & U.S. under Gen. Douglas MacArthur defended the islands General Douglas MacArthur

43. Pacific CampaignDec. 1941-May 1942: Battle of the Philippines • Outcome/Significance of the Battle? • Japan wins • Perseverance of U.S. & Filipino defense delayed Japanese attacks on other areas

44. Pacific CampaignFall of Southeast Asian Colonies • What Happened? • Through a planned series of attacks, Japan seized control of rich European colonies • Ex: French Indochina, British Hong Kong • Significance of the Attack? • Helped Japan replenish depleted resources

45. Pacific CampaignApril 1942: Doolittle’s Raid on Japan • What Happened? • As revenge for Pearl Harbor, U.S. sent 16 B-25 bombers to bomb Japanese cities, mainly Tokyo

46. Pacific CampaignApril 1942: Doolittle’s Raid on Japan • Significance of the Attack? • Showed that Japan could be attacked • Raised American morale

47. Pacific CampaignMay 1942: Battle of the Coral Sea • What Happened? • Following interception of Japanese attack on Port Moresby, Japanese & American naval fleets fought to a draw (nobody won)

48. Pacific CampaignMay 1942: Battle of the Coral Sea • Significance of the Battle? • Introduced a new kind of naval warfare using only airplanes • Stopped Japan’s expansion southward

49. Pacific CampaignJune 1942: Battle of Midway • What Happened? • American carrier planes defeated Japanese fleet poised to attack Midway Island, a key American airfield

50. Pacific CampaignJune 1942: Battle of Midway • Significance of the Battle? • Reversed the tide of the war in the Pacific