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Preserving sacred space: A microclimate study of the Shrine of the Bab, a Baha’i holy site .

Preserving sacred space: A microclimate study of the Shrine of the Bab, a Baha’i holy site. Blake Campbell & Patrick Ravines Baha’i World Centre, Conservation Office Haifa, Israel. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre. Introduction Problems related to excess moisture

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Preserving sacred space: A microclimate study of the Shrine of the Bab, a Baha’i holy site .

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  1. Preserving sacred space: A microclimate study of the Shrine of the Bab, a Baha’i holy site. Blake Campbell & Patrick Ravines Baha’i World Centre, Conservation Office Haifa, Israel

  2. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre • Introduction • Problems related to excess moisture • Monitoring Temperature & Relative Humidity • Results & Findings • Conclusions

  3. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre • Introduction • Shrine’s current setting and environs • Structures composing the shrine • Early structures & • Super structure

  4. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre The Shrine of the Bab with its colonnade, golden dome, and terraced gardens.

  5. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre The terraces of the shrine extending from the foot to the crest of Mount Carmel in Haifa, Israel.

  6. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Westerly view Northerly & downward view

  7. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Formal gardens around the shrine.

  8. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre • Introduction • Shrine’s current setting and environs • Structures composing the shrine • Early structures & • Super structure

  9. The original structure of the shrine built by Abdu’l-Baha in 1909, half-way up the barren slope of Mount Carmel. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre • _____

  10. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Original structure of the shrine in 1909.

  11. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre The shrine with rooms added by Shoghi Effendi, 1939.

  12. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Rooms 1, 2, 6, 7, 8 & 9 - first construction in 1909. Rooms 3, 4 & 5 – second construction in 1939. Floor plan

  13. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre The colonnade under construction, 1950.

  14. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Workmen building the platform above the stone edifice, 1950. The octagon with its pinnacles and balustrade, 1952.

  15. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre The shrine with its superstructure completed, 1953.

  16. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre • Introduction • Excess moisture • Early structure • Superstructure • Monitoring T & RH • Results & Findings • Conclusions

  17. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Shrine of the Bab, room # 1. Widespread damage to the tile floor caused by moisture-induced salt migration.

  18. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Room 1: Tile damage & salt deposition

  19. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Room 6: Tile damage Flaking & concoidal spalling of the surface and subsurface layers of the tile.  Damage occurs both in the center and on edges. Hand-sized fracture due to subflorescence.

  20. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Room 8: Wall & floor moisture

  21. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Outer walls of original structure

  22. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Superstructure moisture

  23. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre • Where is the excess moisture coming from? • Noticed as early as 1941 and still exists. • Views & opinions: • Engineers: condensation • Custodian: underground water • Conservators: monitor & study

  24. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre • Introduction • Excess moisture • Monitoring T & RH • Results & Findings • Conclusions

  25. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Room 8 monitored Period: ~14 months 8-bit res 8Kb mem T: +0.7°C RH: +5% t: 6 & 8min Sensors: Hobo HO8 data loggers, T, RH & light Loggers 1, 2 & 3 – on floor Loggers 4, 5 & 7 – 2 m high

  26. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre • Weather station on NE corner of Terrace 10 • Collects: • T, RH, soil T, leaf wetness, air pressure, solar radiation, rainfall, wind speed & direction • t: every 12 minutes

  27. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre • Introduction • Excess moisture • Monitoring T & RH • Results & Findings • Time series: view all T & RH data vs. time. • Diurnal cycles: data averaged by time of day (annual and monthly) • Histograms: Count the number of measurements that fall within a certain range • Dew Points • Conclusions

  28. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Temperature Time Series • T data of logger #4 & weather station on Terrace 10.   • Building’s moderating influence on room temperature.  

  29. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Temperature Time Series • Graph (d) - data of logger 4 & weather station on Terrace 10.   • Obvious trend - temperature's strong seasonal dependence.  • Note building’s moderating influence on room temperature.   • Room well mixed.   

  30. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Temperature values

  31. Relative Humidity Time Series Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre • RH data of logger #4 & weather station on Terrace 10.   • Building’s moderating influence on RH.  

  32. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Relative Humidity Time Series • Graph (d) - data of logger 4 & weather station on Terrace 10.   • Building’s moderating influence on the humidity.   • Room well mixed.  

  33. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Relative Humidity values

  34. Annual histogram of temperature Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre • Bimodal frequency distribution for the year from October 2002 to 2003 • Reflects Mediterranean climate, long summers and winters but short transition seasons.  

  35. Annual histogram of Relative Humidity Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre

  36. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Time & high humidity

  37. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre • Efflorescence salts: Na2CO3 & NaCl

  38. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Room Temp Dew point (Calculated)

  39. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Room Temp Dew point (Calculated)

  40. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Conclusions: • Condensation – No • Interstitial condensation – • Likely & if so, minor • Other water sources – • Ground water • Irrigation water & • Rain water

  41. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Conclusions: • Further study – • Local geological features with ground penetrating radar • Cistern on west side x

  42. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Thank you - Grazie

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