Vehicle Safety Communications - Applications ( VSC-A )

1. Vehicle Safety Communications - Applications (VSC-A) John B. Kenney Toyota InfoTechnology Center johnkenney@alumni.nd.edu

2. VSC-A Project • 3 year project - December 2006 to December 2009 • Collaborative effort between 5 OEMs (Daimler, Ford, GM, Honda & Toyota) and US DOT • Goal: Determine if DSRC @5.9 GHz & vehicle positioning can improve upon autonomous vehicle-based safety systems and/or enable new communication-based safety applications • Follow-on project to CAMP/DOT VSC I (2002-2004) project and CAMP internal Emergency Electronic Brake Lights (EEBL) project • Strong emphasis on resolving current communication and vehicle positioning issues so that interoperable future deployment of DSRC+Positioning based safety systems will be enabled

3. VSC I 2002 - 2004

4. VSC-A Main Objectives • Develop scalable, common vehicle safety communication architecture, protocols, and messaging framework necessary to achieve interoperability and cohesiveness among different vehicle manufacturers • Standardize this messaging framework and the communication protocols (including message sets) to facilitate future deployment • Develop accurate and commercially feasible relative vehicle positioning technology needed, in conjunction with the 5.9 GHz DSRC, to support most of the safety applications with high potential benefits • Develop and verify (on VSC-A system test bed) a set of objective test procedures for the selected vehicle safety communications applications

5. VSC-A Research Activities and Timeline • 2007 • 2008 • 2009 Crashscenarios & safety apps. selection DSRC+Positioning and autonomous Sensing safety system analysis April 2009 June 2008 Level II test bed implementation DSRC+Positioning safety system conops, requirements and minimum perf. specs. Level I test bed implementation Vehicle safety system test bed System design, algorithms (path prediction, threat, warning) & in-vehicle integration Relative vehicle positioning development Message composition, standardization, security and communication protocols Objective test procedures development System testing and objective test procedures Coordination with standards development activities and other USDOT programs SAE, IEEE DSRC, CICAS-V, VII, Europe Car2Car, Japan ASV Benefit analysis support to USDOT, Volpe & Noblis

6. VSC-A Test Bed System DevelopmentMapping of applications to crash scenarios EEBL: Emergency Electronic Brake Lights FCW: Forward Collision Warning BSW: Blind Spot Warning LCW: Lane Change Warning IMA: Intersection Movement Assist DNPW: Do Not Pass Warning Note: Crash Scenario reference: “VSC-A Applications_NHTSA-CAMP Comparison v2” document, USDOT, May 2 2007. Selected based on 2004 General Estimates System (GES) data and Top Composite Ranking (High Freq., High Cost and High Functional Years lost).

7. VSC-A System Test Bed (Level I) OBE Threat Arbitration DVI Notifier A Cameras / Audio in V-V Safety Applications BSW+LCW DNPW CLW CICAS-V EEBL FCW IMA Data Logger & Visualization Tools [From other Modules] ENET Target Classification Data Logger Relative Positioning Platform VGA Display Eng. GUI Host Vehicle Path Prediction Path History OTA messages ENET DSRC Radio GPS unit Wireless Message Handler Sensor Data Handler Serial A Security CAN CAN ENET Vehicle Sensors (Non Production) Vehicle CAN to OBE Interface Engineering DVI Legend Common blocks (minimum) Common blocks (additional) Vehicle CAN OEM specific or proprietary blocks Vehicle Signals (Production)

8. VSC-A System Test Bed (Level II) OBE Threat Arbitration DVI Notifier A Cameras / Audio in V-V Safety Applications BSW+LCW DNPW CLW CICAS-V EEBL FCW IMA Data Logger & Visualization Tools Forward Looking Camera System (LDW) [From other Modules] ENET Target Classification Data Logger CAN Relative Positioning Platform VGA Display Eng. GUI Host Vehicle Path Prediction Path History Security OTA messages ENET DSRC Radios (2) GPS unit Wireless Message Handler Sensor Data Handler Serial A CAN CAN ENET Vehicle Sensors (Non Production) Vehicle CAN to OBE Interface Engineering DVI Legend Common blocks (minimum) Common blocks (additional) Vehicle CAN OEM specific or proprietary blocks Vehicle Signals (Production)

9. Level I Over-the-Air (OTA) Message Format Draft • Part I conforms to current draft J2735 Basic Safety Message (BSM). • Fields after Part I are to potentially be added to Part II of BSM.

10. Current Program Activities and Status • System Test Bed Development • May 2008: Level I Implementation with core modules (Path Prediction, Path History and Target Classification) ready for engineering tests • June 2008: All six V2V Safety Applications integrated and ready for engineering tests • August 2008: CICAS-V application integration • Communications and Standards • Level I Development message set (flexible data elements) based on SAE standard J2735 (VSC I) and implemented as part of Level I test bed • Security: Three candidate protocols to enhance current standard (1609.2) to be evaluated in 2008. HW & SW implementation of all 3 protocols planned for Level I Test Bed • IEEE 802.11 Task Group P (WAVE lower layers) • Completed successful Letter Ballot May 3, 2008 • Vehicle Relative Positioning • Currently evaluating benefits of sharing GPS raw information over DSRC link

11. Future Work • Level I Refinements • Safety Applications refinements • OTA message optimization (minimize OTA size while supporting safety applications needs) • Level II Design and Implementation • Dual Radio Capability (Channel 172 usage) • Power Control Testing (high and low power) • Message Dissemination Protocols (use power, rate, and other controls to mitigate network congestion and improve message delivery) • Vehicle Relative Positioning • Integration of Forward Looking camera system to analyze potential improvements of V2V relative positioning • Standards Participation • Continue active involvement and contributions to establish/finalize standards (SAE and IEEE DSRC WAVE) to facilitate future potential deployment

12. Thank You