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Prohibition

Prohibition. 1910-1929. Prohibition. Defined: Fight to ban liquor from being sold, transported, or manufactured. Penalty’s for drinking. History. 1893: Anti-Saloon League formed in Ohio by Wayne B. Wheeler consisting mostly of women. 1913: Anti-Saloon League planned

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Prohibition

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  1. Prohibition 1910-1929

  2. Prohibition Defined: Fight to ban liquor from being sold, transported, or manufactured. • Penalty’s for drinking

  3. History • 1893: Anti-Saloon League formed in Ohio by Wayne B. Wheeler consisting mostly of women. • 1913: Anti-Saloon League planned march on Washington demanding a ban of alcohol. • 1914: U.S entry into WWI “Made prohibition seem patriotic” • 1916: 23 out of 43 states passed anti-saloon acts, prohibiting alcohol manufacture.

  4. The 18th Amendment • Passed in 1919 when 80% of Congress approved. • Stated: Illegal to manufacture, sell, or transport alcohol. • Enforced the Volstead Act which allowed police to arrest people who violated the law. • Beverages with more than .5% alcohol were considered intoxicating. • Allowed to alcohol to be used for medical purposes only.

  5. Effects of the 18th Amendment • Made amendment to stop people from drinking, but it made them drink more. • Increased crime People began to… • make bathtub gin-used stills • brewed homemade beer • fermented wine in their cellars • frequented saloons that served booze in tea cups and coffee mugs.

  6. Amount of Alcohol Consumed The effects of the 18th Amendment…

  7. Criminal Effects Studies were shown that pointed liquor as a cause of… • High crime rates • Divorce • Child neglect • Low productivity • Public health problems • Declining church attendance • Increased drug use • Gambling • Prostitution • Loan sharking • Created secret organizations

  8. Smuggling of Alcohol • Alcohol was smuggled from Canada, The Gulf of Mexico, and The East coast by cars, trucks, and boats. • It was easy a profitable for all parties • Used hip flask filled with whiskey to drink in public

  9. Secret Organizations • Bootleggers- Made illegal alcohol • Mafia’s-Different families that brewed their own liquor or bought it illegally to sell to the Speakeasy’s and took in about 6 million dollars. • Gangsters-Sold alcohol for high price to gain more money. • “Blind Pigs” and Speakeasy’s were saloons that sold illegal alcohol

  10. What is the Mafia? • Known as Cosa Nostra(Our Thing) in Italian. • Refer to themselves as “men of honor.” Members are called Mafioso • Organized secret society of criminals developed in Sicily in the 19th century and transferred to East Coast of U.S. when Italian Immigrants came to America. • Mafia served as protection for the large orange and lemon estates surrounding the city of Palermo.

  11. Role in Society • Gangsters, hit men of the Mafia, were given the duty of intimidating political voters • The Mafia paid corrupt government officials to get on their “good” side in hopes that the government would help them out when in trouble with the law. • Mafia also paid bribes to policemen.

  12. Top Dogs

  13. Boss • 3 ways to become boss: • Previous boss dies of natural causes, in which the 2nd in command, underboss, moves to the top • After long prison sentences, a boss may step down for the sake of the family and himself, then a new leader is elected • Form alliances with other family leaders to have the current boss killed and to elevate one’s self • Settles Disputes • Dictator • Invest in legitimate businesses

  14. Underboss • Appointed by Boss • Second in command of the family • Underboss is first in line to become Acting Boss if the Boss is imprisoned

  15. Captain • Also Know As “Capo” • Their duty is being in charge of the “Crew.” The number of crews in a family depend on the size of a family but there are usually 6 crews. • Captains nominated by the Underboss and then the boss has the final say. • They are expected to follow the limitations and guidelines created by the Boss • Captains pay the boss part of their profits.

  16. Soldier • There are typically 10 soldiers in each “crew”. • Soldiers begin once they are associates who have proven themselves • When a spot opens, a Captain will recommend for an associate to become a member • The “crew” which a member belongs to depends on which Captain and Boss select them. • Offcicial "Made" members of the family can only be of Italian or Sicilian heritage.

  17. Associates • Not an offical member of the mafia • Errand Boy, involved with dealing drugs • Only Italian descended associates can further their title in the Mafia. • The only thing lower than an associate is a citizen: no connection civilian

  18. Famous Gangsters • Al Capone (Scarface) • Bonnie and Clyde 1925: Torrio gave Capone his business and made $60 million. • Johnny Torrio • John Dillinger • George “Bugs” Moran

  19. ALPHONSE CAPONE • Also Known As “Scarface Al” • Born in Brooklyn, New York, lived there until he moved to Chicago to get away from gangs of New York • Chicago Crime Leader • Heartless, Mindless Murderer • Had half of Chicago Police on his payroll • He had government leaders “in his pocket.” His gangsters also intimidated voters.

  20. St. Valentines Day Massacre • February 1929 • 7 men were found dead inside of a garage • Witnesses saw 2 “policemen” take them inside • 7 victims were mobsters working for “Bugs” Moran • 2 costumed policemen were never found • Al Capone was a suspect

  21. Capone...(contd.) • St. Valentine’s Day Massacre • Effort to kill Bugs Moran final leader of O’Banion Gang • Seven of Moran’s men were killed when they were stopped by Capone’s hit men dressed as cops. • The Men didn’t fight back because they thought it was a drug bust.

  22. Charles Luciano • Also Known As “Lucky Luciano.” • Bootlegging Rackets in 1920 • Leading Member of Five Points Gang • Luciano learned many of his ways from Costello.

  23. Luciano...(contd.) • Believed old line Mafioso was the problem causing crime and they should be eliminated. • Wanted to keep the Mafia alive because it gave him protection of wars with other ethnic groups. • Deported to Italy and only allowed to return once dead.

  24. The Untouchables • A group of people who try to convict Capone of not paying his taxes. • Al Capone was “untouchable”, it was hard to convict him of any crime especially murder. • Elliot Ness was the federal agent who was in control of convicting Capone.

  25. End of Prohibition • 1918- The Association Against the Prohibition Amendment • 1933- 18th Amendment was repealed • December 5, 1933- 21st Amendment was ratified -Repealed the 18th and allowed consumption of alcohol. • Prohibition failed because it couldn’t be enforced

  26. Bibliography • http://www.historylearningsite.com.uk/prhibition_amd_the_gangsters.htm • http://cvip.fresno.com/~jsh33/roar.html • Pendergast, Sara and Tom Pendergast. Bowling, Beatniks, and Bell-Bottoms 1920’s-1930’s. GaleGroup:2002. • http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=441

  27. Bibliography • Mafia Encyclopedia Second Edition by Carl Sifakis • http://images.google.com/images • http://www.carpenoctem.tv/mafia/luciano.html • http://www.carpenoctem.tv/mafia/acapone.html • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafia • http://members.tripod.com/ofsted/mafia.jpg • http://www.imdb.com

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