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Puberty & Adolescence. Life Span - Lecture 6 Chapter 10. Puberty / Pre-adolescence. Rapid growth @ 2 yrs to complete 2 nd sex characteristics. Factors that influence Puberty. Heredity Climate Nutrition Gender Socioeconomic status. 4 Major Changes - Puberty. Rapid growth
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Puberty & Adolescence Life Span - Lecture 6 Chapter 10
Puberty / Pre-adolescence • Rapid growth • @ 2 yrs to complete • 2nd sex characteristics
Factors that influence Puberty • Heredity • Climate • Nutrition • Gender • Socioeconomic status
4 Major Changes - Puberty • Rapid growth • Δ body proportions • 1o sex characteristics • 2o sex characteristics
Puberty Frustrations • Independence / supervision • Appearance / body changes • Peer acceptance / peer frustration • Academic success / h workload • Adult behavior / child behavior • h schedule / need for h sleep
Adolescence • Begins • Sexual maturity • Ends • Cessation of growth emotional maturity
Characteristics of Adolescence • Volatile emotions • Insecurities • Introspection • Experimentation • Testing values
Puberty: Height & Weight • Rapid Growth • Girls before Guys • Feet 1st • Height • h 20 – 25% • Weight • h 15 – 60 lbs • Disproportionate
Puberty: Development of Sex • 1o sex characteristics • Gonads
Puberty: Male • Testes • Scrotum • Sperm • Testosterone • Ejaculation • Penis
Puberty: Female • Ovaries • Ova • Estrogen • Progesterone • Menarche • Menopause
Puberty: Development of Sex • 2o sex characteristics • Pubic hair • Axillary hair • Sebaceous glands • oil • Apocrine glands • sweat
Body Changes: Puberty Male ♂ Female ♀ Breasts Menstruation Cramps Pregnancy Hygiene • Penis • Erections • Wet dreams • Voice changes
Body Changes: Puberty Male ♂ Female ♀ 10-11 Growth spurt Breast Pubic hair 11-14 Menarche 12 – 13 2o hair • 10 – 11 • Gonad growth • Pubic hair • 12-13 • Growth spurt • 13-15 • 2o hair • Ejaculation • Voice deepens
Adolescence: Height & Weight • Slows after puberty • ♀ • 16 - 17 • ♂ • 18 – 20
Muscle & Bone development • h strength • h endurance • h size • Sore • Awkward • Scoliosis • “lateral curvature of the spine”
Respiratory System G&D • h Lung size, weight • i rate • h performance • Nurse intervention • EXERCISE!!!
GI System G&D • h size & capacity
Teeth: G&D • 12yrs • 2nd molars • 14 – 25 yrs • 3rd molars • “Wisdom teeth”
Vital Signs • Pulse • 60-90 • Resp • 16 – 24 • Nursing intervention • EXERCISE!!!
Motor Development • Rapid growth Clumsy • *Eye-hand coordination
Sexual Development • Comparisons • Masturbation • Sexual activity • Education
STD’s • h • Prevention education
Teen pregnancy “The pregnant adolescent has twice the mortality rate of a non-adolescent pregnant woman.”
Teen Pregnancy • What are the “down-sides” of teenage pregnancy?
Rape • h • Stranger • Date-rape
Psychosocial Development: Behavior Behavior Parental Response Overlook Avoid confrontation Be tolerant “Pick your battles” Avoid seeing behavior as a rejection of parental love • Rebellious
Psychosocial Development: Behavior Behavior Parental Response Own space Understanding Offer help – step back Open communication • Need for privacy
Psychosocial Development: Behavior Behavior Parental Response Don’t overreact Reinforce reality Be consistent • Dishonesty
Psychosocial Development: Behavior Behavior Parental Response Listen Expect uneven maturity Enc. decision making & responsibility Set reasonable rules • Responsibility
Psychosocial Development: Behavior Behavior Parental Response Allow unexpected delays Enc phone contact Set example Socialize at home • Curfews
Psychosocial Development: Behavior Behavior Parental Response Accept \ criticism Get to know them Avoid showing disapproval • Friends
Psychosocial development: Puberty • Attitude • Happy negative • h self-consciousness • Self-doubt • h time alone (room) • Find new peers • Antagonism
Psychosocial Development: Adolescence • Explore own values • Test them
Ambivalence • Two opposing feelings at the same time • Mood swings • Love / hate family • Freedom/supervision • Wanting to be part of a group / wanting to be alone
Emotions • Expressed feelings behavior • Mood swings • Anger • Fears • Worries • Jealousy • Envy • Happiness
Boredom • Daydreaming • Humor • “Biting” • Work / employment
Age 13 - 14 • Hide feelings • Negative & hostile • Narrow perspective • compromise
Ages 15 - 16 • i self absorption • h compromise • h independent thinking • Discuss • Debate • Experimenting • h risk taking • h adventure • Dating
Age 17 -19 • Serious • Idealistic • h Stress • Relationships • Family • “boy-friend” /“girl-friend” • Peers • Career
Discipline • Clear rules • Set rules • Dating • Curfew • Open communication • Be realistic • Be available • Listen!
Cognitive Development • Concrete thinking (with training) formal operational • Logical • Scientific reasoning • Problem solving • Look at all possibilities
Moral Development • “Cognitive development is a prerequisite for moral reasoning” • Conventional Level • Follow rules • Show concern for others • Want to be trusted • BEGIN TO QUESTION EVERYTHING • Post conventional
Communication • Verbal communication
Nutrition • Caloric intake • ♀ • 2,600 / day • ♂ • 3,000 / day
Key nutrients • Protein • 15% • Calcium • Iron
Sleep & Rest • h need for sleep • 8 hours • Affects of poor sleep • Irritable • I school performance • iconcentration • h stress • h susceptibility to illness • Auto accidents
University of Chicago Medical Center October 23, 1999 The Lancet. • “Chronic sleep loss can reduce the capacity of even young adults to perform basic metabolic functions, such as processing and storing carbohydrates or regulating hormone secretion… Cutting back from the standard eight down to four hours of sleep each night produced striking changes in glucose tolerance and endocrine function--changes that resembled the effects of advanced age or the early stages of diabetes--after less than one week.”
Anorexia Nervosa • Eating + emotional disorder • Willful starvation • < minimum body weight • Fear of weight gain • Extreme dieting • Diet pills • Laxatives • Ipecac • Excessive exercise
Bulimia • Binge & purge • loss of control