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China: The Water Crisis

Keshav Kohli. China: The Water Crisis. The Triple Threat. Flooding (South) Water Shortages (North) Contamination by industrial pollution. Severe pollution of Tai Lake in eastern China’s Jiangsu providence. A Growing Demand. The breakdown: 78% Agricultural 18% Industry 5% Domestic.

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China: The Water Crisis

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  1. KeshavKohli China: TheWaterCrisis

  2. The Triple Threat • Flooding (South) • Water Shortages (North) • Contamination by industrial pollution Severe pollution of Tai Lake in eastern China’s Jiangsu providence.

  3. A Growing Demand • The breakdown: • 78% Agricultural • 18% Industry • 5% Domestic

  4. Domestic Demand • Household Consumption • Public Consumption • Livestock

  5. Industrial Demand • Southeast, Yangtze, and Peal Basins in the south require more than 75% of the total industrial water demand. • Economic reforms of the 1970’s and 1980’s • Food and beverage industries; power plants; mining facilities

  6. Agricultural Demand • Rain-fed Agricultural Uses • Irrigated Agriculture: covers 56% of total arable land and provides 67% of China’s total grain output • Cropping Intensities: • Northern Basins: 135% • Southern Basins: 200%

  7. Water Shortages • China has the same amount of water as Canada, but with a population 100 times greater (The World Resources Institute) • Current policy failures in China's water management: underdeveloped system of water rights administration, weakness in water demand control, lack of market-based tools, and insufficient financing for pollution control. • In short, lack of infrastructure.

  8. Water Contamination • Arsenic contamination of groundwater • Spread of Algae • Increased Industrialization • Toxic spills • 2006: 60% of China’s rivers cannot be used as drinking water resources (Magazine of the International Water Association)

  9. Possible Causes Jianfa Shen: The Rural-Urban Population Shift

  10. Sewage Crisis and Contamination • 1996: more than 20 billion tons of urban sewage was discharged into rivers, lakes, etc. • Spitting on sidewalks contributes to sewage overflow • In effect, drinking water does not meet governmental standards

  11. So What? Health Related Effects: • Liver and stomach cancer deaths have doubled since the 1970’s • China has the highest liver cancer rate in the world • Arsenic poisoning (Arsenic is a carcinogen) Economic Effects: • Water scarcity in urban cities causes a loss of about $11.2 billion (120 billion yuan) in industrial output

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