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Acids Lesson 6 Acid Rain & Hydrolysis

Acids Lesson 6 Acid Rain & Hydrolysis. Acid Rain The cause of Acid Rain is the release of acid anhydrides into the environment. Acid Anhydrides are nonmetal oxides .  N O 2 N 2 O 4 automobile pollution S O 2 S O 3 coal & smelter pollution SO 3 + H 2 O → H 2 SO 4(aq) Rain

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Acids Lesson 6 Acid Rain & Hydrolysis

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  1. Acids Lesson 6 Acid Rain & Hydrolysis

  2. Acid Rain The cause of Acid Rain is the release of acidanhydrides into the environment. Acid Anhydrides are nonmetaloxides.  NO2N2O4automobile pollution SO2SO3 coal & smelter pollution SO3 + H2O → H2SO4(aq)Rain Acid Rain has pH < 5

  3. Normal Rain has pH = 6 due to dissolved CO2 CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 Acid rain dissolves metal, limestone, concrete structures. Acid rain decreases the pH of lakes and causes toxic metals to leach into them.

  4. Hydrolysis of Salts Salts can be acidic, basic, or neutral. 1. Neutral Salts Consider NaCl The neutralization equation used to produce NaCl will tell us what kind of salt it is.

  5. Hydrolysis of Salts Salts can be acidic, basic, or neutral. 1. Neutral Salts Consider NaCl The neutralization equation used to produce NaCl will tell us what kind of salt it is. → NaCl + HOH

  6. Hydrolysis of Salts Salts can be acidic, basic, or neutral. 1. Neutral Salts Consider NaCl The neutralization equation used to produce NaCl will tell us what kind of salt it is. H + OH → NaCl + HOH

  7. Hydrolysis of Salts Salts can be acidic, basic, or neutral. 1. Neutral Salts Consider NaCl The neutralization equation used to produce NaCl will tell us what kind of salt it is. HCl + NaOH → NaCl + HOH

  8. Hydrolysis of Salts Salts can be acidic, basic, or neutral. 1. Neutral Salts Consider NaCl The neutralization equation used to produce NaCl will tell us what kind of salt it is. HCl + NaOH → NaCl + HOH strong acid strong base neutral salt

  9. Hydrolysis of Salts Salts can be acidic, basic, or neutral. 1. Neutral Salts Consider NaCl The neutralization equation used to produce NaCl will tell us what kind of salt it is. HCl + NaOH → NaCl + HOH strong acidstrong baseneutral salt When the acid and base parents are both strong the salt is always neutral. -

  10. A neutral salt will dissociate in water. NaCl → Na+ + Cl- Cross off the both ions that come from strong parents as they do not hydrolyze or react further with water- they are neutral. no ions to hydrolyze- neutral

  11. Hydrolysis of Salts Salts can be acidic, basic, or neutral. 2. Basic Salts Consider NaCN

  12. Hydrolysis of Salts Salts can be acidic, basic, or neutral. 2. Basic Salts Consider NaCN H + OH → NaCN + HOH

  13. Hydrolysis of Salts Salts can be acidic, basic, or neutral. 2. Basic Salts Consider NaCN HCN + NaOH → NaCN + HOH

  14. Hydrolysis of Salts Salts can be acidic, basic, or neutral. 2. Basic Salts Consider NaCN HCN + NaOH → NaCN + HOH weak acid strong base basic salt

  15. Hydrolysis of Salts Salts can be acidic, basic, or neutral. 2. Basic Salts Consider NaCN HCN + NaOH → NaCN + HOH weak acid strong basebasic salt

  16. A basic salt will first dissociate in water NaCN → Na+ + CN- Cross off the Na+ because it has a strong parent and does not hydrolyze- it is neutral negative ion left- basic Then the CN- ion, from the weak parent, will hydrolyze (react with water) as a Bronsted base. CN- + H2O ⇄ HCN + OH-

  17. Hydrolysis of Salts Salts can be acidic, basic, or neutral. 3. Acidic Salts Consider NH4Cl → NH4Cl

  18. Hydrolysis of Salts Salts can be acidic, basic, or neutral. 3. Acidic Salts Consider NH4Cl HCl + NH3→ NH4Cl

  19. Hydrolysis of Salts Salts can be acidic, basic, or neutral. 3. Acidic Salts Consider NH4Cl HCl + NH3→ NH4Cl strong acid weak base acid salt

  20. Hydrolysis of Salts Salts can be acidic, basic, or neutral. 3. Acidic Salts Consider NH4Cl HCl + NH3→ NH4Cl strong acid weak base acid salt

  21. An acidic salt will first dissociate in water NH4Cl → NH4+ + Cl- Cross off the Cl- because it has a strong parent and does not hydrolyze- it is neutral positive ion left- acidic Then the NH4+ ion, from the weak parent, will hydrolyze (react with water) as a Bronsted acid. NH4+ + H2O ⇄ H3O+ + NH3

  22. Hydrolysis of Salts Salts can be acidic, basic, or neutral. 4. Acidic Salts Consider FeCl3 3HCl + Fe(OH)3→ FeCl3 + 3HOH strong acid weak base acid salt

  23. FeCl3 → Fe3+ + 3Cl- positive ion left- acidic The Fe3+ion is an acid Fe(H2O)63+⇄ H+ + Fe(H2O)5(OH)2+ You can copy these complex reactions right off the acid chart!

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