Chapter 4 Research

1. Chapter 4Research UP B Class

2. Finding Credible Sources • Not all information your find is true • Steps for Examining Sources: 1- The author’s credentials: personal experiences or academic qualifications. 2- associations or affiliations: the author or publisher. 3- any noticeable bias from the source: Finding unbiased sources is nearly impossible, question the information 4-Does the author cite any sources? Make sure the sources stand up to scrutiny 5- Date of source: Check the dates on any source

3. Finding Credible Sources 6-Incomplete or abridged: missing information or out of context 7- Reviews or Endorsement: positive reviews or endorsements 8- Reputable source: If it is reputable, then using this source is safe. 9- Loaded or vague terms: avoid sources that use terms like “many people believe” 10- Ulterior motive or agenda

4. Evaluating for Areas of Bias • All sources will be biased in some way • Each person has a perspective that influences the way they present their information • Just because something is biased does not mean it’s not useful

5. Steps for Evaluating Bias • Primary or Secondary sources • Author admits to the bias • Author might admit to their bias • As long at it is recognized, the source is still useful • Bias help support paper • Some biases can be beneficial to research • Source purposefully misleading • Avoid sources that are vague, misleading, or incomplete

6. Other Things to Consider • Consider the type of source that will be most useful • Might be a wide range of books or journals on your topic • Think about the appropriateness of a particular source • Too informal or too formal  inappropriate sources • Ask for help!

7. Using the Library • Best place to start a Research paper • Librarian’s and assistants: • Librarians help in finding the sources for the students • Types of sourcesavailable: • Internet research • Books, periodicals, journals • Large quantities of quality unbiased sources

8. Using the Library • Come up with some key words or phrases and write down the name of book and location in the library • Use synonyms for key words too • Pick up the key topics that suits for a research paper • For long research paper : Encyclopedias , and various reference books are used • Find for the narrower results that suits specific topic

9. Periodicals • News papers, magazines, and journals are examples for periodicals. • These help to find out the topic very quickly and more specifically • Periodicals are replaced with online databases because they are updated and can search larger quantity of information

10. Using Online Library Databases. • Online library databases are the best sources of articles. • It`s similar to searching the internet for information. • Find excerpts from books and other sources on these databases. • Academic databases are different from generic search engines.

11. How to select and search online databases. • The library has information about how to access the online databases . • If you don`t find this information, ask a librarian for information about the online databases. • In most cases, you will find the list of databases in a computer in the library.

12. How to select and search online databases. • To make the best use of these databases there are steps during your search: • Find databases pertaining specifically to your topic, if possible. • Set up the search parameters within the database to be as narrow as possible. • Slowly expand your search to get additional results. • Move to the next database or a more general database in needed.

13. Find databases pertaining specifically to your topic, if possible. • Check the brief overview. • Ask a librarian. • Ask your professor for recommendations.

14. Set up the search parameters within the database to be as narrow as possible. • To get the most pertinent information • Determine which options are available. • Include articles within a specific date range.

15. Slowly expand your search to get additional results. • Your specific search will return few results. • These results will be easier to sift through and will be current and applicable. • If you don`t enough sources, start to expand you’re the types of journals.

16. Move to the next database or a more general database in needed. • If you have a thoroughly searched one database. • You can move to another to find more or better results. • Different databases can present different jornals and archives.

17. Using the Internet • Types of extensions for websites: • 1. com: for commercial business or group. • 2. net: means network and its use is for information technology. • 3. org: organization, used for personal websites and nonprofits organization. • 4. edu: for educational. • 5. gov: for government.

18. Why Wikipedia is not safe source? • Anonymous online community of users runs Wikipedia • Wikipedia is often criticized for containing bias • Having spoof articles • Lacking citations

19. Wikipedia DO: • Check images, graphs and others figures, they can be useful • Check to see if the article has been flagged for any issues • Examine the sources listed at the bottom of the article DON’T: • Treat Wikipedia as scholarly source • Quote or paraphrase Wikipedia in a paper • Accept everything written on Wikipedia as true

20. Using Blog Resource Internet specific rules to keep in mind while evaluating potential online sources • 1.Check the authorship of online information. • 2. Look for the date the website was last updated. • Try to verify any credentials an author claims to have. • Check for citations when they seem necessary.