Periodic Table Trends & Similarities Explanation for Students

1. Periodic Table Trends and Similarities

2. Trends of the Periodic Table:At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: Give a trend across and down the Periodic Table for metallic characteristics, reactivity, atomic radius and ion radius, electron affinity, ionization energy, electronegativity, density, melting point and boiling point Define each of the terms above Pick the element with the higher trend above from a list of several elements

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4. Trends In The Periodic Table: Ionization EnergyAtomic RadiusElectron AffinityElectronegativity, Etc.

5. Periodic Trends Try to determine the trends by looking at the handouts provided.

6. Metallic Characteristic Trends Conductivity Shininess Malleability Ductility

7. Reactivity Of Metals more reactive more reactive

8. Reactivity Trends

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10. Atomic Radius Half the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms that are bonded together. Electron – electron repulsion = larger Proton – electron attraction = smaller Energy level, n, more therefore = larger

11. Atomic Radius Vs. Atomic Number

12. Atomic Radius Trends

13. Periodic Table Trends Answers

14. Atomic Radius Trends

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16. Ionic Radius • Cations lose electrons, therefore they tend to be Positive Ions – Metals • Anions gain electrons, therefore they tend to be Negative Ions – Nonmetals

17. Ionic Radius Trends Electron gain = repulsion = Larger Electron loss = one less energy level = Smaller

18. Ionic Radius Trends

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20. Electron Affinity The energy change that occurs when a neutral atom acquires an electron. Most electron affinity values are negative. Energy is released from the atom. Atoms that really want another electron tend to be more negative.

21. Periodic Table Trends Answers

22. Electron Affinity Trends

23. Ionization Energy The energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom. The closer to the nucleus, the harder to pull the electron. The farther away, more interference from other electrons, therefore, the easier it is to pull the electron.

24. Ionization Energy Vs. Atomic Number

25. Ionization Energy Trends

26. Ionization Energy Trends

28. Electronegativity A measurement of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons.

29. Generally, • Ionization energy + Electron Affinity = Electronegativity • Most electronegative element – Fluorine (F) • It is assigned the number 4 • All other values are based on this value.

30. Electronegativity Trends

31. Electronegativity Trends

32. Density Mass of a Material Divided by Volume of that Material

33. Density Trends

34. Density Trends

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36. Boiling Point Temperature at which a system moves from the liquid state to the gaseous state. The external pressure pushing into the liquid is equal to the internal pressure pushing out of the liquid.

37. Melting Point The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid. The external pressure pushing into the solid is equal to the internal pressure pushing out of the solid.

38. Boiling Point Trends

39. Boiling/Melting Point Trends

40. Trends of the Periodic Table:Let’s see if you can: Give a trend across and down the Periodic Table for metallic characteristics, reactivity, atomic radius and ion radius, electron affinity, ionization energy, electronegativity, density, melting point and boiling point Define each of the terms above Pick the element with the higher trend above from a list of several elements

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42. Which of the elements is the metalloid? • Aluminum • Silicon • Chlorine • Magnesium • Sulfur

43. Which of the elements would be the least reactive metal? • Aluminum • Silicon • Chlorine • Magnesium • Sulfur

44. Which of the elements would be the most reactive nonmetal? • Aluminum • Silicon • Chlorine • Magnesium • Sulfur

45. Which of the elements would have the largest radius? • Aluminum • Silicon • Chlorine • Magnesium • Sulfur

46. Which of the elements would have the highest electronegativity? • Aluminum • Silicon • Chlorine • Magnesium • Sulfur

47. Which of the elements would have the lowest ionization energy? • Aluminum • Silicon • Chlorine • Magnesium • Sulfur

48. Which of the elements would have the greatest electron affinity (the most negative number)? • Aluminum • Silicon • Chlorine • Magnesium • Sulfur

49. Which of the elements would have the highest metallic character? • Aluminum • Silicon • Chlorine • Magnesium • Sulfur

50. Which of the following would have the larger radius? • Chlorine • Chlorine Ion