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CHAPTER 11 MOUNTAIN BUILDING

CHAPTER 11 MOUNTAIN BUILDING. Roots:. Erg = work (en erg y) Aesth = feeling (aesthetic) Ethno = race (ethnic) Eu = good (euphoria) Ex = out (exit) Extra = outside (extraterrestrial) Fact = make (artifact) Fer = carry (ferry) Fid = faith (con fid e) Flect = bend (deflect).

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CHAPTER 11 MOUNTAIN BUILDING

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  1. CHAPTER 11 MOUNTAIN BUILDING Roots: Erg = work (energy) Aesth = feeling (aesthetic) Ethno = race (ethnic) Eu = good (euphoria) Ex = out (exit) Extra = outside (extraterrestrial) Fact = make (artifact) Fer = carry (ferry) Fid = faith (confide) Flect = bend (deflect)

  2. CH. 11.1 ROCK DEFORMATION Mostly happens at Plate Boundaries.

  3. Deformation = all changes in the original shape and/or size of a rock body. • What affects whether a rock will deform?: • temperature • confining pressures • rock type • time

  4. Temperature & Pressure Brittle Deformation • Deform when near the surface. • Deform under lower temperatures and • pressures. • Break instead of folding.

  5. Temperature & Pressure Ductile Deformation • Deform at depth. • Deform under higher temperatures and • pressures. • Fold, bendand flatten.

  6. Rock Type Rocks like granite and basalt that are made of strong structures usually fail by brittle deformation. Rocks made of weaker sedimentary rocks usually fail by ductile deformation.

  7. Time Forces that are unable to deform rock at first may be able to affect a change over long periods of time. For example, marble benches have been known to bend under their own weight over hundreds of years.

  8. TYPES OF STRESS! Compressional Stress = rocks are squeezed. Shear Stress = rocks are distorted. Tensional Stress = rocks are pulled apart.

  9. Types of Folds Anticline = arching Monocline = step-like Syncline = trough-like

  10. Monocline, Anticline, or Syncline? You decide! Syncline Anticline Syncline Monocline Syncline Anticline

  11. Faults Normal = hanging wall drops Reverse = hanging wall lifts Strike-slip = horizontal movement Thrust = reverse of < 45o

  12. Joints = no movement

  13. CH 11.2 Types of Mountains FOLDED MOUNTAINS Formed primarily by folding. Most often associated with compression.

  14. Fault-Block Mountains = large scale normal faults Horst Graben

  15. Dome Mountains = circular or elongated structure produced by upwarping.

  16. Basin = circular shape produced by downwarping.

  17. CH 11.3 Mountain Formation Mostly convergent boundary formations. Accretion = when crustal fragments collide with a continental plate and become stuck to or embedded into the plate. Mountain Building http://www.learner.org/vod/vod_window.html?pid=318

  18. Himalayan Mountains Formed when India collided with southern Asia GoogleEarth all the way down and show Mt Everest from above and side views.

  19. Divergent Mountains = mountains built at divergent boundaries Example: Mid-Atlantic ridge Google earth mid atlantic ridge go all the way to the base and turn up then scan horizon

  20. Terrane = crustal fragment that has a geologic history distinct from the rocks around it. Figure 16 Pg 322 Continental Accretion - Terrane http://www.geology.um.maine.edu/geodynamics/analogwebsite/UndergradProjects2005/Perry/html/introduction.html

  21. Isostasy = the gravitational balance of floating continental plates. Floating block interactive animation http://www.ikswonad.com/portfolio/index.php?show=isostasy

  22. Mountains of the World Alps Andies Appalachians Atlas Great Dividing Range Rockies Urals Zagros Himalayas Urals Alps Appalachians Rockies Himalayas Atlas Zagros Andies Great Dividing Range

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