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Understanding Intelligence: Definitions, Tests, and Controversies

Explore the various ways of defining intelligence, its measurement through tests, and the ongoing debates surrounding the concept. Learn about Gardner's multiple intelligences theory and the biological basis of intelligence.

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Understanding Intelligence: Definitions, Tests, and Controversies

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  1. Intelligence http://content8.clipmarks.com/blog_cache/www.sciencedaily.com/img/BB42D239-0308-460C-B1DF-8E84149639BA

  2. Ways of Defining Intelligence • Consisting of: • Capacity to learn from experience • Ability to adapt to environment • Metacognition: • Ability to understand and control your own thinking • Ability to deal with complexity • What intelligence tests measure • Cultural definitions

  3. Early Measures of Intelligence • Two approaches: • Galton – sensory-based

  4. Early Measures of Intelligence • Two approaches: • Binet – scholastically-based • Intelligence quotient http://imjustaguy.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/iq_bell_curve.gif

  5. Current Intelligence Tests • Stanford-Binet • Wechsler (see handout) • Verbal score • Performance score • Overall score

  6. Debated Questions about Intelligence • Is intelligence singular or multiple? • Is intelligence inherited? • Are intelligence tests biases?

  7. Spearman- the “g”factor • Factor Analysis

  8. Arguments against a general intelligence factor • Architecture of the brain – modularity • Artificial Intelligence research • Most IQ studies done on middle-class Americans • IQ tests do not test practical intelligence

  9. Gardner- Multiple Intelligences • Linguistic • Logical-Mathematical • Spatial • Musical • Bodily-kinesthetic • Interpersonal • Intrapersonal • Naturalist

  10. Gardner’s Criteria for Identifying Intelligences • Brain damage • Exceptional individuals • Core operations • Developmental history • Evolutionary history • Supportive evidence from cognitive-experimental research • Supportive evidence from psychometric tests • Symbol system

  11. Biological Basis of Intelligence • Size of brain • Speed of nerve conduction • Efficiency of brain • Twins studies • Can intelligence change over your lifetime?

  12. The Bell Curve & Social Intelligence • The Bell Curve • Intelligence is a single property • Intelligence is distributed in the population in a bell curve • Intelligence is inherited • Low intelligence leads to social pathology • Implied: blacks more likely to have low IQ than whites • Social Intelligence • One important type of intelligence ignored in psychology

  13. Race and Intelligence • Problems with arguments • Race is a social construct

  14. Culture and Intelligence

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