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1. Modifications and enhancementsmade by the teachers of“Foundations of Technology”Washington County Public Schools Chapter 28 Energy Conversion Systems
2. Suggestions - suggestive engagement activities / project for the chapter Voluntary State Curriculum objectives met within this chapter and pages of the book that correlate to these objectives. The long term objective for the course. The short term objective “Big Idea” for this chapter. Qualifier for learning the stated objectives. Lesson Procedures Warm Up Timed Daily Reading Timed Objectives to be written Introduction of an Academy or CTE Program Lesson (to include learner engaging activities) Higher Order questioning Timed group activities Place where you can work in Washington County with the skills learned in this chapter Review of Career Closure (exit ticket) Review of Objectives Homework Assignment Study foundationsoftechnology.com Most PowerPoint's include in the following order:
3. Suggestions See document on teacher website
4. Voluntary State Curriculum
5. Voluntary State Curriculum
6. Voluntary State Curriculum
7. Voluntary State Curriculum
8. Objectives Over Arching (Long Term) Objective (s) … The students will develop a basic understanding of the design world. How would an improved technical awareness improve one’s life? This chapters “Essential Question, Big Idea” What are the results of converting various forms of electricity? Students will be able to answer the daily objectives within this PowerPoint to a 70% degree of efficiency.
9. Lesson Plan
10. It’s Electric
11. Chapter 28 Energy Conversion Systems Read Pages 538-548 Day 1
12. Copy The Following Big Idea & Objectives Big Idea: What are the results of converting various forms of electricity? 1. What devices convert inexhaustible energy into mechanical motion? 2. What are the main ways solar energy is converted into other forms of energy? 3. What are the differences between passive and active solar conversion systems? 4. What is a common geothermal conversion system? 5. How does a common biomass converter work?
13. Copy The Following Objectives 1. What devices convert inexhaustible energy into mechanical motion? 2. What are the main ways solar energy is converted into other forms of energy? 3. What are the differences between passive and active solar conversion systems? 4. What is a common geothermal conversion system? 5. How does a common biomass converter work?
14. Chapter 28 Energy Conversion Systems Read Pages 549-559 Day 2
15. Copy The Following Objectives 6. How do heat engines work as energy converters? 7. What are the differences between internal and external combustion engines? 8. What are the common ways to heat homes and buildings? 9. What are the major parts of an electric energy generation and conversion system? 10. What are the common energy input systems for electric generation plants? 11. How is energy applied to work?
16. Copy The Following Objectives 6. How do heat engines work as energy converters? 7. What are the differences between internal and external combustion engines? 8. What are the common ways to heat homes and buildings? 9. What are the major parts of an electric energy generation and conversion system? 10. What are the common energy input systems for electric generation plants? 11. How is energy applied to work?

17. Chapter 28Energy Conversion Systems

    Day 1
18. Tech HighElectrical Construction Class The Electrical Construction class is currently installing rough wiring including meter mounting and the underground conduit for the power supply, TV cable, and telephone. Both the Carpentry and Electrical Construction students will work together to install the insulation prior to drywall and interior trim. Each School Year Tech High Builds a New Home that is Sold when Completed
19. Energy canneither be created nor destroyedElectricity Generation Website However humans spend a lot of time and effort converting (Changing) energy from one form to another. Example: Burn fuels to change water into steam, to turn turbines to make electricity to turn it into heat to heat our house. Read Pg 538 Paragraph #2, 3, & 4
20. Human body is an energy converter It converts food into energy. Mr. Ferrari Automobile Converts potential energy (gasoline) into heat energy to produce mechanical motion.
21. Energy Converters Power our factories Propel our transportation vehicles Heat and light our homes Help produce our communication messages
22. Four Categories of Energy Conversion Inexhaustible energy converters Unable to be used up wind, moving water, sun Renewable energy converters A biological material that can be grown and harvested Thermal energy converters Heat Energy Electrical energy converters Energy associated with electrons moving along a conductor.
23. What happens if you install an energy converter in your home and you create more electricity then your home uses? _______________________________ _______________________________
24. Inexhaustible Energy Converters Inexhaustible EnergyResource a part of the solar weather system that exists on earth and are incapable of being used up Prime Mover A device that changes a natural source of energy into mechanical power. Ex. Wind, flowing water, sun
25. Devices that convert Inexhaustible Energy into Mechanical motion Windmills & Watermills Power turbines to produce electric energy Using Natural mechanical energy (flowing air or running water) to produce controlled mechanical energy (rotary motion) Water Turbines Powering Manhattan, New York - Movie
26. Wind Energy Conversion First what creates wind? Heating and cooling of air. Icecap vs Equator Land vs Ocean Land vs Land
27. Wind Energy Conversion Sails on ships 12,000 years ago Windmill 200 B.C. - Grinding grains into flour in the middle east Modern windmill – pumps wells for livestock
28. Wind Energy Conversion Wind Turbine Used to power electric generators Horizontal Vertical Wind Farms Milk Wind not Cows
29. Water Energy Conversion Waterwheels Powered the first factories of the Industrial revolution Two common Types Undershot Overshot Pg 543 Book Bottom Figure 28-6
30. Water Energy Conversion Water Turbines - Website Water turbines are used widely to power electric generators in hydroelectric power plants Video on the Hoover Dam - Movie Picture / Website
31. Solar Energy Solar converter Converts energy from the sun to usable forms Insulation The solar energy available in a specific location at any given time. Which color absorbs the most light / Which Reflects the most light. How can we make the world a cooler place?
32. 2. The main ways solar energy is converted into other forms of energy The main way solar energy is converted into other forms of energy is through: Passive Collectors Active Collectors
33. Passive Solar Collector A system that directly collects, converts, stores, and distributes the heat from solar energy Direct Gain Sun through a window Indirect Gain Black panel to absorb heat through a window
34. Isolated Solar System A system that uses solar collector or greenhouses that are separate from the house to convert solar energy to heat. Active Solar Collector Use pumps to circulate the water that collects, stores, and distributes the heat that they convert form solar energy.
35. The Photovoltaic CellSolar Car Page 546 in Text Figure 28-10 A photovoltaic cell can help power: A pocket calculator. Satellites. Solar-powered vehicles. (DaimlerChrysler)
36. Solar Review Book pg 545 Figure 28.8 & 28.9 Movie on Mojave Desert Is the Mojave Desert using Active or Passive Collectors? Where else could you place solar collectors?
37. Geothermal Energy Geothermal energy reaches the earth’s surface and appears as: Volcanoes Hot springs Geysers Geothermal energy can heat homes by pumping ground water from a well.
38. Geothermal Energy Conversion Geothermal is heat originating in the molten core of the earth. Heat is deep in the core of the earth and makes its way to the surface in certain areas through Geysers, Hot Springs, Volcano’s
39. 4. A common Geothermal Energy Conversion system. The Steam Turbine is a common energy conversion system for geothermal technology. It captures steam from the earth and uses it to turn a turbine. Picture / Website
40. Geothermal Energy Conversion Are there any other ways to use the hot water coming out of the ground? Run It through your house Run it under highways to keep them thawed in winter.
41. Ocean Energy Conversion Oceans contain two important sources of energy: Thermal. Mechanical (wave and tide) motion.
42. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC)systems have three steps: Warm ocean water is used to evaporate a working fluid. The vapors are fed into a turbine that turns an electrical generator. Cold ocean water is used to condense the vapors to complete the cycle.
43. Wave Energy Conversion Wave energy conversion is one type of oceanmechanical energy conversion systems. The mechanical surface follower is a new buoy being developed for navigational aid. The buoy floats in the water. Inside is a mechanism that uses the up-and-down movement of the buoy to ring a bell or blow a whistle.
44. Pressure-Activated Devices A buoy that compresses air in a cylinder through the bobbing action created by the waves. As the water rises, it compresses air. When the buoy falls, the compressed air is released, powering a small generator. The electricity powers a navigational light.
45. Tidal Energy Conversion As the ocean rises, water flows over a dam into a basin. As the tide recedes, the water flows back through turbines, generating electricity.
46. Discussion What are some advantages and disadvantages of ocean energy conversion?
47. Renewable Energy Converters Biomass resources are renewable energy sources being considered as an alternate energy supply. Most biofuels come from three sources: Forest products industry—sawdust, bark, etc. Agriculture and food processing—corncobs, nutshells, etc. Municipal waste—sewage and garbage.
48. Bioenergy Conversion Two processes can convert bioenergy through chemical reactions: Thermochemical conversion – Uses heat. Includes direct combustion, pyrolysis(liquidification, gasification), liquefaction. Biochemical processes –Uses fungi, enzymes, other microorganisms. Anaerobic digestion. Fermentation.
49. A Biomass Converter
50. Class Work Answer Objectives # 1-5 Test Your Knowledge - Page 561 - # 1-6 Work on projects Five Students to Answer Objectives Timer Homework - Vocabulary & Unfinished Work
51. Review 1 What devices convert inexhaustible energy into mechanical motion? The sail, windmill and wind turbines, waterwheel and water turbines, steam turbines.
52. Review 2 What are the main ways solar energy is converted into other forms of energy? Passive solar collectors Active solar collectors
53. Review 3 What are the differences between passive and active solar conversion systems? Passive collectors directly collect, store, and distribute the heat they convert from solar energy. Active collectors use pumps to circulate the water that collects, stores, and distributes the heat they convert from solar energy.
54. Review 4 What is a common geothermal conversion system? Geothermal heat pumps that use ground water to heat homes.
55. Review 5 How does a common biomass converter work? Bioenergy conversion is produced by chemical reactions using either thermochemical conversion (like direct combustion) or biochemical processes (like fermentation).
56. Chapter 28 Energy Conversion Systems Day 2
57. Day 2 Board of Education wanted energy saving suggestions, here is an Example Letter written to the board of education by South High Eileen Tunis
58. Thermal Energy Converters There are two major applications of thermal energy: - Heat engines. - Space heating. Film Clip Reviewing Energy Converters
59. Heat Engines Fossil-fuel-powered engines burn fuel to produce heat, which is converted into mechanical energy. Heat engines are classified as either internal combustion engines or external combustion engines.
60. Internal Combustion Engines Gasoline, diesel, jet, and rocket engines all are internal combustion engines. Heat energy is changed into mechanical motion. The internal combustion engine operates on a four-stroke cycle: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. Movie - Internal combustion engine
61. External Combustion Engines Steam engines are external combustion engines that once powered ships, locomotives, and cars.
62. Space Heating Three basic types of heat transfer are used to heat space:
63. Conduction A pan on an electric heating plate is heated by conduction. Energy moves from an area with a higher temperature to an area with a lower temperature. Conductiontakes place without any flow of matter.
64. Convection Convection can occur through natural action (the wind) or through the use of technological devices (forced hot-air heating systems). Uses currents between colder areas and warmer areas within the material.
65. Radiation The strength of radiation is directly related to the temperature of the radiating medium. Hot objects radiate more heat than cooler objects. Heats only the solid objects it strikes, not the air it travels through. Radiant heaters in warehouses keep workers warm in a building, but the air still feels cold.
66. Fuel Conversion Fossil fuel furnaces are fuel converters that include: A firebox. A heat exchanger. Means of heat distribution.
67. Furnaces Fuel is burned in the firebox. Convection currents pass through the heat exchanger and raise its temperature. Thermal energy is transferred in the heat distribution chamber to a heating medium (water or air), which is then passed over or through the heat exchanger.
68. Gas-Fired Hot-Air Furnace
69. Furnace Systems In some systems, water is heated or turned to steam, then piped to radiators in various locations: Radiators use convection and radiation currents to heat the rooms. Other systems blow air through ducts to areas needing heat. Convection currents circulate the warm air within the enclosure.
70. Heat Pumps In one direction, a heat pump removes heat from a room and releases it into the atmosphere. (air conditioning unit) In another direction, the pump takes heat from the outside air and releases the heat inside a building.
71. Parts of a Heat Pump Heat pumps consist of a compressor, cooling or condenser coils, evaporator coils, and a refrigerant.
72. Electric Resistance Heaters Have special wires that are highly resistant to electrical current. Wires become very hot when electricity passes through them. Hot wires warm the air around them. Convection currents transfer heat to all parts of the room.
73. Radiant Heating Uses high-resistance wires installed in the ceiling. Wires become warm when electricity passes through them. Warmth radiates into the room. Objects in the room are warmed by electromagnetic waves.
74. Electricity Generation Uses the principles of electromechanical energy conversion: Water or steam strikes turbine blades, causing a shaft to turn. The shaft is attached to a generator, which changes mechanical energy into electrical energy.
75. Hydroelectric Plants and Steam-Powered Electrical Plants Water from reservoirs are used in hydroelectric generating plants. Fossil fuels or nuclear energy are used in steam-powered electrical plants.
76. Nuclear Plants Atomic reactions are used to heat water in a primary system. The heated water from the primary system is used to produce steam in a secondary system. The steam drives the generator’s turbine.
77. Nuclear Steam Supply System (Westinghouse Electric Corp.)
78. Electric Generators An electromagnetic field is produced around a field magnet. An armature, consisting of wires wound around a core, is spun by water or steam turbines. The wires on the armature cut through the magnetic lines of force around the field magnet. A current is induced in the armature.
79. Electric Generators
80. The Distribution System The electrical current is fed into a distribution system. A transformer increases the output voltage of the electrical current. High voltage reduces power losses in transmission. The high-voltage current is carried to distant locations by large transmission lines supported on tall steel towers.
81. The Distribution System Electricity flows through another transformer that reduces the voltage. The lower voltage moves along distribution lines. Before the current reaches its final destination, another transformer reduces the current to 110 and 220 volts for residential use.
82. Electrical Systems
83. Types of Motion Motion is always present while work is done. Three types of motion: - Rotary motion (spinning around an axis). -Linear motion (moving in a straight line). - Reciprocating motion (moving back and forth).
84. Power Transmission Takes the energy generated by a converter and changes it into motion. Changes the type and direction of a load’s motion.
85. Mechanical Power Systems Mechanical methods that change the type, direction, or speed of a moving force.
86. Levers, Cranks, and Gears Lever: Door handle mechanisms in automobiles. Crank: Used in internal combustion engines. Gears:Used in some automobile transmissions.
87. Cams, Gears and Racks, Pulleys, and V-Belts Cam: Used to open valves in an internal combustion engine. Gear and Rack: Used in rack-and- pinion (gear) steering for automobiles. Pulleys and V-belt: Used to drive many machines.
88. Fluid Power Systems Pneumatic systemsuse air, and hydraulic systems use liquids (usually oil) as power transfer mediums. These systems contain: Cylinders with movable pistons. A pump. Valves to control the flow. Piping to connect the components.
89. Hydraulic Systems These systems change the direction, increase the distance, or increase the strength of the force.
90. Pneumatic Systems Operate in a similar way as hydraulic systems. Since air is compressed, however, some of the force is used in reducing the volume of the air in the system. The remainder of the force is applied to moving a load.
91. Career Corner Power line installers Construct electrical power lines. Maintain electrical, telecommunications, and cable television lines. Encounter serious hazards and must follow safety procedures to reduce risks of danger. Igniting Creative Energy Challenge
92. Class Work Answer Objectives # 6-11 Test Your Knowledge - Page 561 - # 7-10 Work on projects Six Students to Answer Objectives Timer Homework - Vocabulary
93. Review 6 How do heat engines work as energy converters? Internal combustion engines burn fuel within the engine to produce heat, which is converted into mechanical energy. Most external combustion engines uses steam to produce mechanical energy.
94. Review 7 What are the differences between internal and external combustion engines? Internal combustion engines burn fuel within the engine. External combustion engines burn fuel away from the engine.
95. Review 8 What are the common ways to heat homes and buildings? Burning fuels, capturing heat from the surroundings (heat pumps), and converting electrical energy.
96. Review 9 What are the major parts of an electric energy generation and conversion system? Water or steam to turn a turbine, a generator to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, transformers, transmission lines.
97. Review 10 What are the common energy input systems for electric generation plants? Water, steam, coal, natural gas, fuel oils, turbines.
98. Review 11 How is energy applied to work? Work involves moving a load. Motion is always present while work is done. Energy conversion involves changing the type or direction of a load’s motion.